《《依依弄情》》最新章节_《依依弄情》无弹窗

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七色堂

傅俊安

Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangMr YANG Liusong, a Chinese who just finished the first solo traverse over Chang Tang by cycling from west to east in recorded human history, shared his stunning Expedition with all of us through the forum 8264 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-512349-1-1.html . In order to share his legendary journey with those who cannot read Chinese, I translate his story to English here, which has been approved by Mr YANG Liusong. Hope you guys enjoy it.为了让杨同学的传奇能让全世界的驴友分享，俺决定把杨同学的帖子翻译成英文。为了避免麻烦，俺先来个免责声明：1。杨同学不认识俺，也没有授权俺，如果他说不要翻译了那俺就随时终止；2。俺没有商业目的，译版版权归杨同学，俺啥也不要，也不承担法律责任；3。没有杨同学授权，不敢擅自发在国外网站，发在原帖处，荣誉归8264；4。俺英语水平有限，欢迎指正，欢迎转贴。 Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangBy Yang LiusongIt has been three months since I traversed the unpopulated region in the Great Chang Tang. There are many like-minded asking me about it. I now present this thread to briefly tell everybody about my journey.The starting point of this traverse was from the highest peak of the western part of the Tibetan plateau, Jieshan Daban, and the day was April 20, 2010.I was heading eastward passing Bungdag Co, Yanghu Co, Rola Co, and Kangzhagri Mountain, which crossed over the desolate region from west to east. The journey continued northward to enter the unpopulated area of Altun Mountains, through Hoh Xil Mountains, Kunlun Mountains, Whale lake, ..., finally met some people by the Aqqikkol Hu and then arrived in Huatugou by vehicle three days later and that day was July 5. It had been 77 days in total. I had been all alone 74 days after leaving Jieshan Daban until arriving inAqqikkol Hu, which was about 1400km and about four months.[The Great Chang Tang] In Tibetan, "Chang Tang" means northern empty wilderness while narrowly, means unpopulated region in northern part of Tibet. However, it actually indiCATes all of the no man's land in northern. The great Chang Tang includes desolate places in Northern Tibet, Hoh Xil, Alun Mountains, and Kunlun Mountains, which are interconnected to form the unique and super empty wilderness in the world. Only because Hoh Xil is the most known name, most people just think this vast land is equivalent to Hoh Xil. In reality, Hoh Xil is only a small piece of the Great Chang Tang both administratively and geologically. The Great Chang Tang, the last land to chase your freedom and dream.The route that I traversed ForeplayI arrived in Tibet in the early March, a couple of troubles bothered me. The brand new plug got its positive and negative wrongly connected; the rivets of my rucksack eASIly got broken from now and again; and a multi-functional charger got damaged and so on. Riding my bike to Ngari for warming up of this journey, lost my rucksack but later got it back; lost my camera bag and got it back later again, and finally lost a big bicycle pannier in the street of Gyangze town under the eyes of police, including clothes, solar panel and so on.Without much choice, I returned to Lhasa to adjust all the stuff I would need in the wilderness. Then I begged some luck by going to Nyingchi to enjoy the blossoms of peach trees and to take a hot spring bath. I even had the privilege to enjoy time with ten girls in the hot spring. I felt my bad luck had all gone and then returned to Lhasa again to prepare going to Ngari. I did not expect that I was cheated on by some hustler and lost some money and delayed my schedule for a week. I had to find a car myself quickly to Nagri. However, I lost the tool for fast-parting my rear wheel on my way to Nagri, where was a remote area in Tibet and nowhere to buy the tool. Even if there was one in Lhasa it would take at least ten days for a special delivery service. I was lucky that my mate Duola asked a driver to bring the tool for me from Lhasa. I thought there should be no more nightmare like this but the nozzle of my brand new multi-fuel stove was broken. The next day I tried everywhere to weld them back together. The first three shops could not do the welding for copper. The fourth one said they could do it but could not guarantee a sUCCess. The engineer said it would be ten Chinese yuans if it was a success. I agreed. Just in seconds, my nozzle became crap in a flash of lightening. I was so upset. Again, Duola helped me by bringing her own MSR oil stove and Dingding's sleeping bag to Nagri. That was already April 16 and I did not have much time to waste. The following day I found a vehicle heading to Jieshan Daban.The sand storm over Yarlung Zangbo RiverA lonely peach tree blossoming in Yarlung Zangbo Grand CanyonNatural hot spring in wild, me singing and drinking (photo by a friend of mine) Day 1(April 20), 16km, Camping 5192mIt was a truck with a full load of iron wastes, arriving in Jieshan Daban at 6'o clock in the morning. It was still night and extremely cold and dark. Driver was not bothered to pop his head out of the driving cab. I climbed up on the top of the iron wastes, taking my bicycle down. In a hurry, I punched my old water bag. Fortunately I had another MSR water bag given by a friend of mine otherwise I would definitely fail without even starting my journey. For the first time for me to set up the brand new tent in strong, cold winds. It would be impossible to do so if the tent was not a whole piece. Extremely cold outside, about -15C, might be lower than that, I put my head into the sleeping bag but was nearly suffocated to death, honestly. The smell of Dingding's sleeping bag was, lol, so extraordinary. I woke up around 11 o'clock. There were still strong winds outside so that I had to use my bodyweight to keep the tent in place. At the time when I just started to cook and eat, four patrolling soldiers approached me. To their surprise someone, in this season, camped in Jieshan Daban. I was so nervous and afraid they were the people to block my journey because I was caught and deported from the desolate land last year. Luckily the four soldiers did not know my destination and were very kind to me. After they left, I immediately packed my stuff and pushed my bike into the depths of the unpopulated area just in case anything unexpected happened.The bike was very heavy due to the provisions and hard to control. There was even a quite small hill that I had to remove my bike panniers to get over it. This really struck me because this happened even the path was still the hardship one at the moment and I could not imagine what I would do once I entered the uncertain, endless wilderness. Until now I had not met anyone, even the nomadic pastoralists. I remembered there were quite a few of them roaming at the edge of the northern Tibetan plateau last year. All of these indicated it was not the good pasture season in such low temperature and strong winds. Around 16km there was a sheep cote, where I passed it last year, east of Lungmu Co. I was exhausted at this point so that I decided to camp in here and to rest my head. After arranging tent everything I went out to look for the wetland discovered by Duola and Liumeng last year. I was determined to find it.There were many hot springs in the wetland which were underground water with a constant temperature. The wetland therefore became an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such harsh weather, which was the very unique land feature of terrain in this over 5200m highland.Perpetual snow in the valley blown to corn shape by strong windsThis wetland was discovered by Duola and Liumeng. The workers at a nearby mine did not know it and I too missed it last yearUnderground water with a constant temperature, an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such icy weather 感谢大伙儿支持和加分，不一一回复了。特别感谢多啦，希望能有机会一起喝酒吃肉。 Day 2 (April 21), 0km, Camping5192mBlustering gale all night, up and down like ocean waves. The next day rather than continuing to travel, I stayed inside the sheep cote, hesitating and pondering over. Indeed, there were so many problems before this journey;I did not have sufficient physical preparation;the load had already reached its limitation; I still coughed a lot;the weather was so extreme and cold. All in all, I did not think this journey was well prepared and I did not have confidence in completing this journey mentally and physically. To do, or not to do, it was the question. Similarly I did not have confidence in my facilities, not knowing whether all of them would work functionally or not. The fact was one of the rivets got broken again and the front rack came loose. In the afternoon, I replaced all the rivets of the panniers with screws I had prepared before. This was an excellent job I had done which gave me no further troubles throughout my whole journey. I also re-adjusted the front rack. However I did not think it would definitely all right because I did not have a tool to do it. When the darkness descended,I made up my mind to continue my journey, which, of course, was not beyond any imagination. Orchid-like weedsSmall springs everywhere, clear and chillyA thin layer of ice covering the fresh spring water The sheep cote, it was the door under the sleeping bag, which was in the same place as last year, everything looked like yesterdayThe wetland at duskLungmu Co at dusk. You could hear the gigantic sound of wind if the picture had a sound Day 3 (April 22), 52.4km, Camping 5145mGot up in the morning, could not put everything into the bags. Without much choice I had to throw away three portions of tsampa, elbow pads, and crampons. Following the road of the lead-zinicmine I found the side path to enter the wilderness, which was on the riverbed and very hard to see. I missed this side path last year so that I had to take a short cut into the wilderness directly then. That was why I had taken extra care to find the side path. The following journey was to get over a big hill, which lay 5275m above sea level and was the highest point of my whole journey. Around 2 o'clock in the afternoon, I passed the side path leading to Orba Co and started a journey which was complete strange to me. I ate a piece of pilot breads, which was frozen like rocks so that I had to use my spade to crush it. At 6 o'clock in the evening, I had pushed plus rode my bicycle for about 32 km. I reckoned I should have been able to double this if I did no carry such heavy load. The wind became stronger and stronger. I opened the parasail kits and tested it. The result was far beyond what I expected. With the aid of the strong wind I was just like flying over the wilderness. After 8 o'clock in the evening, I started to observe the water Source and to get ready to camp. Map showed there were successive springs along the path and assembled to puddles. But I had overestimated the water source here in this land and in this season there were endless wilderness inside the valley, where I could not see a single drop of water. As it became darker and darker, I felt a little bit nervous which resulted in three spokes of the parasail broken and became a useless rubbish. Anyway, it helped me to move forward 20km more which benefited me a lot later on. When time approached 9.30 pm, it was almost completely dark. I had to lie my bike on the ground and went on to try to find water on the north side of the valley. This was a wide and flat sandy land, where I could not see any ditches there and further was complete darkness. I returned to get my GPS to look up the contours and found the south part of the valley was closer to a hill so I took the way. Finally I found a piece of ice in a ditch. I smashed about 20litre of ice. The ice was quite shallow scattered with sheep poo. On my way back, my eyes were hurt by strong winds, which got me a couple of days to recover. It was nearly 23 o'clock after I set up the tent. It also took about 40 mins to melt the ice. I was so tired and my appetite was completely spoiled. I then had a little bit of milk. I had never expected thing would go like this, it was so distressing. Streams along the path, ice everywhereThe river flew into Matou Hu, in whose north part there was a satellite lake, a wonderful ice-skating court It took 40mins to melt the ice in midnight Day 4 (April 23), 31km, Camping 5028mA cloudy day with gusts. From now and again, hails chased me from behind. Sunny spell. Heavy sandy land made me have to push my bike. At 3pm, I arrived at Luxing Hu, where there was a house made of clay. This was the last permanent building of my journey. Last year, Duola and Liumeng once lived in this house for three days without meeting anybody. It seemed it was the same but the truck parking in front of the house made me worry about. I went to the sheep cote first to check over, where there were only a few lambs following me everywhere I went later on. This made me feel warm in my heart. I observed farther places using my binoculars but could not see any people or sheeps. After making sure there were no people around I opened the locked door using a screwdriver. The living room was very clean. There were two boxes of beverages on the ground and a string of cured lamb legs hanging over in the interior room. A pot of water was on the top of the stove, lukewarm, which indicated the host must be not far away from his home. I filled up my water bag and left the house. I also put the screws back to the door in order not to leave any trace of my visiting. I then took a spanner from the toolbox of the truck, which gave me great help for the rest of the journey.I left the house as quickly as possible. After last year's experience, the nomadic pastoralists were the last people I wanted to meet. A few hundred meters away from the house, the vehicle traces were fading fast. Even downhill, I had to push rather than to ride because of the heavy loose sand. From the route point of view, only after Luxing Hu it was the real unpopulated land. After many days, I thought of the lamb legs from time to time. It was pity that I then had plenty of provisions and the bike was too heavy to carry anything more. Continue to melt the ice under the morning sunshine, all of the sheep poo had been removed carefullyCamping site, the little hill over there was the place where I got the ice last nightThe house by the Luxing Hu, empty, the last permanent building I saw throughout my journeyDay 5 (April 24), 19.8km, Camping 4951mSet off at 10.30 in the morning, the weather was similar to yesterday. Probably this road was the high plain or somewhere the wind passed so that it was so windy. The average wind speed was degree 6 but could reach degree 9 in the blick of an eye. The road was still full of sand and very heavy to walk on it. My eyes became worse under such harsh weather. About three o'clock in the afternoon, I saw something in my right, looked like antenna. I went closer to see what it was and found out it was an iron tower (the triangulation station). In 1970s, a joint team from Chinese three military regiments entered this area doing research. They have left a lot of triangulation stations and benchmarks, which I had the priviledge to see them today.At dusk, I approached to a spring by the Bungdag Co, which flew into the frozon lake. The sand and soil, brought by the strong wind, scattered on the surface of the ice all over the lake. There were so many cracks around the icey surface of the lake. I geussed it must be caused by the springs under the water rather than by melted ice. In the west of the Bungdag Co was the side path leading to Keriya Pass, where a SUV could reach directly. I had looked out any vehicle Tracks but failed. The cloudy sky started to snow. I set up the tent comfortably because I knew that I was safe having such a sweet spring beside me.Triangulation station erected by scientists from the joint research team on Chang Tang of three military regiments in 1971[size=+0]The gap between water and ice in Bungdag Co, I guessed there must be some springs under the lakeThe storm just above the ground, a chaotic darkness[size=+0]Icy Bungdag Co,one of the four biggest lakes in Northern Tibet, wild ducks flying over this vastness and lonenessSnowing at any time, should not happen so frequently like this in this seasonDay 6 (April 25), 4.3km, Camping 5002mWeathering landforms everywhere around this area. Spongy volcanic rocks could be found easily. I pushed my bike turning around a small hill, seeing a big river, the Yinshui He, flowing from Orba Co into Bungdag Co, which I had been to its upstream last year. It was also a passage for animal migration. The downstream of the river was extremely wide and broad. The thickess of the ice layer could reach one meter with the main stem in the middle course of the river, very deep. There were a few springs along the river, sweet and clear.I only went forward a little bit more than 4km but I had walked more than 20km for finding my way. It was not possible to cross the main stem, let alone the north bank of Bungdad Co. What I could only do was to try to find a shallow place to cross. But the southern area was a even larger piece of wetland and forced the road turn towards west. I spent a couple of hours but failed to find a good point to cross the river. In the afternoon, I decided to follow the edge of the wetland. When I reached the hill foot, the wetland finally disappeared. Around this area, there were clearly volcanic feature of terrain and I even found traces of pasturing and cairns made from volcanic rock.Here was the last pasturing trace I found throughout my journey, I guessed it was a summer pasture area. After this, there was no clear sign of human activities in this vast wilderness. I had been looking for my ways until it was dark. I made up my mind where to go TOMOrrow. The terrain here looked like Yardang landforms, as well as volcanic landforms The Yinshui He river from Orba CoSprings scattered all over the river bank, painted green by lovely algaeThe river was very deep. The mixture of green and amber colour showed the sand and mud carried by the melted iceThick layer of ice, sunken surface caused by strong gustsThe south course of the Yinshui He, countless small streams. To the right was the wetlandLooking for ways in the east, a trace of pasturing and the cairn made from spongy volcanic rocksMy camp, opposite to the hillDay 7 (April 26), 11km, Camping 5009mI moved forward to the direction I found yesterday, turning around the wetland and walking toward east. At 2pm, I was blocked by the zigzag Yinshui He again and I had no choice but to cross it. The river was about 700m wide, covered by ice which appeared very different. The hanging ice, the folding ice, the piling-up ice, the icy puddle, and the sleet were everywhere along the river bank. Having noticed all of these, I reckoned the river would be receding at dusk, which was why there were so many different shapes and forms of ice. I put my slipper on, going into the main stream of the river. I found there were at least three different courses of the river, the thickness of the surface ice varied and the river water reached above my knees. I sighed there would be no way back once I crossed this river. There are many ways in one's life too, you can only take it once and you will no long have the courage to repeat it.I pushed the bike crossing the river. Some of the ice was a bit soft, jamming the tyres so that I had to use my feet to break them first. Some of the ice was a bit thick but with half-melted underneath, sticking the the bike completely, some of the ice was half-water half-ice with a sandy riverbed, which was really hard to pass. I had to remove all of the panniers at the last stage of the crossing. I spent the whole four hours to cross the river, my legs got many bloody cuts. At 6pm, the surface ice was almost disappeared completely, the river level rapidly rising to a chaotic status. I thought if I hesitated a little bit at that time, I could not have the courage to cross this river under such circumstances. The river bank was unimaginably sandy and was quite steep. I had to unloaded the panniers again to reach the top of the bank. By the time of sunset, the weather became exceptionally good. The sunlight from the descending sun, the blue sky, the faint moon, .... I liked such a colorful and peaceful Chang Tang and very much enjoyed my camp and myself bathed in such beautiful colour.The ice like this was very thin and suspended, far away from the main stemHard surface with half-melted underneath, the soft sand at the botton was most scaryThe ice like this could easily jam the wheels, hard to get it outI had to unload the panniersChaotic water and terrible hails turned up in no timeThe Chang Tang at the moment liked it used to be,a mixture of cold and warm tones under the golden setting sun Day 8 (April 27), 14.6km, Camping 5112mLast night, I forgot to bring in the odometer, which was out of order due to the coldness in midnight. Since then I used GPS to check the mileage. The digital thermometer was no longer working. I had to use mercury thermometer to collect data. Night temperatures were basically between –15℃—–20℃ while the temperature inside my tent was about –10℃. The advantage of the integrated tent was that it limited the ventilation so to keep warm inside. However, it got clearly disadvantage of heavy condensation and dew. Every morning, there was plenty of frost inside the tent so that I had to put my hood on First Before fully getting dressed. The winds in Chang Tang finally became consistent with the pattern I had researched the other day no or very tiny wind in the morning, strong wind started after 2pm, and then at around 8pm its strength was reduced again. The accuracy of this prediction was about 80%.The road was very bad today. I walked whole afternoon in an ancient riverbed and it was so difficult that I had to use all of my strengths to move a small step forward and then to stop to breath, slower than a snail. After five hours' struggling, my eyes got wet when I saw the grassy river bank. Finally! The nightmare was over.Cold and clear morningHeavy morning condensation in the interior, a lot of frost to clearSuch dawning sunlight indicated a cloudy day ahead Day 9 (April 28), 18km, 5072mIn the morning I entered a range of sandy roads which were so terrible. The solar panel specially designed for GPS got short circuited. After checking it was found to be the diode got damaged. Luckily I got a replacement. Because the GPS was exclusively supplied by a solar panel so that it was no longer a problem for the power supplement of GPS. In a period of 70 days, I did replace the battery once, which saved me a lot of alkaline batteries. I did have another solar panel of 5.4 W which was used specifically for 7.5V Camera, DV and other digital facilities. Unlike water, I had never been short of power.At 7pm in the evening, I arrived at Pur Co. The surface of this lake was very odd the ice by the river bank rose and the river bank was broken, I reckoned that was due to the strong winds. The ice there was mingled with something yellow, could be the stain of alkali. There were many wild yaks on the other side of the lake. There could be two brown bears but I could not be for certain. On the east side of the lake, there was a peninsula leading to the centre of the lake. I camped just opposite to the peninsula. At night , I smashed the ice to get drinking water, which tasted alkali. For the first time I cooked the cereals, which was brought completely by accident. This was just because I found there was a little bit of extra space when I was in Nagri packing the stuff for this journey so that I bought two packs of cereals. It tasted disgusting, probably there was too much alkali in the water. I threw away half of it. Later I realised that probably I subconsciously felt that the provisions was so heavy. I would rather make it lighter at any cost.Dry all my stuff in the morning sun, a routine matterA faint dusk in Pur CoThe river bank pushed up by ice and opened like zipper by gustsThe pushed up surface of the iceThe place where I got my drinking water, a thin layer of ice behind the ablation corns The moment just before sun set, glittering Pur Co, nothing was the same差点儿没找到俺自己的帖子，原来变色了。多谢各位鼓励。 Day 10 (April 29), 16km, Camping 5141mIn the morning, I walked around the north bank of the Pur Co， where it were continuous ups and downs sprinkled with light yellow sprouts across the sparse grassland. The wild yaks clustered into small groups. All of a sudden, there was a group of five of them running towards me, blowing a huge cloud of dust with the power of thunderbolts,I believed that anyone who did not know the characters of the wild yaks must be frightened to death under such circumstances. The fact was the wild yaks in groups never injured people. Rushing to you just to show you its territory. When they approached people at certain distance, they would turn sharply and run away, and then stopped somewhere high to stare at you. You can not imagine that the wild yaks were very cautious animals compared with its almost one ton of weight. Their first reaction, when meeting people, was to raise their tails, the front hooves rubbing against the ground, the horns pointing forward, the eyes redden, and the long body hair shaking, all of which showed their determination to fight.This was the warning sign that you should retreat. However, you should realise that this was only a gesture that they were afraid of you and wanted to scare you away. The thing was that if you were not afraid of them and moved forward, they would run away in no time. There were only some mad yaks attacking people, which was really rare to happen. In Chang Tang, an experienced driver know that it is very dangerous to pass directly from two or three lonely wild yaks. They always tried to avoid confronting them directly. If this was not possible, they would lit a cigarette, smoking, to wait until the yaks walked away themselves. This was because the wild yaks really could attack vehicles, which was not completely rumors. I once asked them why I had not been attacked. They told me that because my bike was so small they would not be bothered to attack it. My own experience was that approaching a wild yak very slowly, do not look into its eyes, and ignored what it was doing. As long as it moved forward a little bit, just stop and give the yaks a little bit of time to think. Because if you forced the yak, it could be themost dangerous animal in the world and nothing could stop them killing. Even a gunshot could not kill it but only left a small hole in its skin. In the past, the nomads living near this land would use yaks' skin as chopping board which was very much endurable. At noon, I lost my balacLAVA, which was brand new and I had never used it once. I could not be bothered to go back tofind it. This resulted in that I had to have my fleece hat day and night in the rest of my journey, which did not provide fully protection from the sun in the plateau. But somehow I was all right, perhaps because my skin is similar to those of yaks, lol. At around half past one, I found a deserted Jeep, upside down. I felt it could be there for years and it could be the vehicle of someillegal HUNTERs. Nowadays, we have wildlife conservation reserves in Chang Tang and the animals here are well protected. However, some people kills the wild yaks to sell them as the domestic yak's meat. In general, it is worth 10,000 Chinese yuans for a single wild yak. Therefore many people take the risk to make money. They often enter the unpopulated areas to hunt and their activities can reach 200 km in diameter. This is why the wild yaks in the deep wilderness are less afraid of people than thoseat the boundaries of the Chang Tang region.There once happened that a wild yak mother revenged its baby's murder in the Altun mountains. Its horns pierced the killer's chest and held his body over its head for more than ten days, which was very touching.Around 3pm, I walked out of the Pur basin. The next point was Hong Shan Daban and then it was the Yueya Hu by the Toze Gangri. At this time I found a vehicle track from south to north. I checked over but could not find the way where they had gone. I took my map, GPS, and compass, climbing up a small hill to estimate the location of Hong Shan Daban. The mountain was very round and it was hard to find the mountain pass. After determining the location of the Daban, I moved straightforward. When I passed a messy grassland, I saw something that I was reluctant to see more than hundreds of wild yaks' head scattered all over, which was definitely the scene of the illegal hunting. After that it was a very long ancient river bed with soft sand slowly rising until the foot of the mountain.There are some spines on the surface of the tongues of wild yaks, which are used by nomads in this area as combs. They use them from their teens to the time when their hair becomes silver.The deserted Jeep, could be left by illegal hunters years agoThe slaughtered wild yaks with the wheel size heads. Some of the skulls were chopped into half. Why was that? Could be taken away for making combs?My camp at the foot of the Daban underthe lingering golden rays of the setting sun. Tomorrow's weather must be wonderful, I reckoned Day 11(April 30)， 20.4km, Camping 5120mThe surface of the road leading to Hong Shan Daban was very hard, most of them were small rocks, sort of gravels, plus a quite long downhill slope, I pushed my bike more than 20km for the first time after Luxing Hu. The mountain pass was quite flat, just like a broad ridge, it was 5256m above the sea level. Upon arriving at the pass, Toze Gangri of 6356m was in my sight clearly, very much round and there was no back bone like normal snow covered mountains. Most of the snow mountains in Chang Tang looked like this probably it was due to the geological movements. There were quite a few chirus or Tibetan antelopes in the valley but I was not interested in this kind of animals anymore after I witnessed a large scale of migration of such animals last year elsewhere.The herbivorous animals here are very quick to reach its original size of the population, such as wild yaks, chirus, Tibetan gazelle, pika, and marmot. When you go into the depths of the Chang Tang, you could hardly be surpised by the sudden appearance of the chirus because they are so common in here. At this time of year, the chirus have already male-female parted. You could see many pregnant female chirus but hardly see any males. According to recent research, Zonag Co is not the only lake for breeding. There are at least four of them in the whole Chang Tang. Zonag Co, Tuzi Hu, Heishi Beihu, and another lake I can not remember. I think there must be more than four of them and most of the populations do not migrant long way like most people used to think. They generally migrant from south to north between Central Mountains and Kunlun Mountains.The chirus looks very timid but are very curious about outside world. They are not really afraid of people, particularly in the depth of the Chang Tang. The nearest distance we can approach is about 30m. They just stare at you calmly and think who you are and why you move so slow. They would run in front of you. Look like they are afraid of you but the fact is they are playing with you. A man's own character shapes his fortune. This is of course suit for animals too. The chirus are the typical one. They have a super speed and a pair of sharp antlers. If they are crazy, three of them work together could easily kill a wolf. But as you might have known, their antlers are just for fighting to mate with females.Down the Daban there was a very steep and straight road, I tried to ride the bicycle but ended up with falling over. The front rack came loose and one of the pannier flew into valley. The foot of the mountain was the Yueya Hu covered by ice, which was alake full of heavy metal elements. Along the lake bank there were many stark rocks very much weathered, lining up just like castles or houses. This made me stop to investigate what they were from time to time, I did understand they were just rocks though but they were so real like the figures of real people. On of them even made me hide in a ditch, observing them again and again using my binoculars. There were also many black volcanic rocks. All in all, the features of this area were really unusual.Passed over the Yueya Hu, it was an endless ancient lake bed. What my GPS showed was this area was a big lake like tentacles. I looked around, it was endless wilderness without a piece of ice and a drop of water. Roughly, I estimated this lake bed was about 1200 square meters. I had to tell you that Chang Tang was a place where there was no high-resolution map. The marks in the map often were some kind of memory. Just like this ancient lake bed under my feet, may be it was full of water a few years ago. Who knows. Pushing the bike in such an endless lake bed was very easy to get lost. My mind was in a chaotic status too.The migration of the animals, photo taken last year The road rising up to the Daban, full of gravels, very hard, ideal for pushing your bikeThe Yueya Hu gazed at by the round and smooth Toze Gangri. At a glimpse, could you tell which was mountain, which was cloud?Ancient lake bed. The white stains were the alkali, look like ice. About wildlife (part 1)Declaration Personal experience for reference onlyDangerous wild animals and their threats to human beings are a ever-LASTING subject for those backpackers travelling in the wild.In Chang Tang, for example, there are two kinds of deadly animals, one is wolves and the other is brawn bears. As substitutes, wild yaks and crows might be dangerous to you in some circumstances that I will come back to this a little bit later on. As for how to protect yourself against these dangerous animals, I think the primary point is you do not try to hurt them because the emotions of human and animals are same instinctively. [Wolves]Throughout my journey, I met wolves a total of seven times, in which I confronted them five times. As you might have known that wolves have become more and more solitary animals, it is very rare they live in a large group nowadays. Please allow me off the point a little bit and talk about the ecological problems in Chang Tang. The problem is now not the decrease of the number of the chirus but the imbalance of the whole food chain, more specifically, the number of the animals on the higher trophic levels of the food chain has not yet reached its ideal level which results in this kind of imbalance. Particularly, the pikas and the marmots who have lost their predators rapidly expanse which results in the desertification of Chang Tang. As early as the middle of last century, wolves were the dominant predators in the vast wilderness. They became a threat not only to other preys but also nomads pasturing in this land. Therefore, the then government called on people to cull back the population of the wolves in Chang Tang, which resulted in the current situation directly. The last official record about wolves attacking humans was around 1970s, which happened in Bamaoqiongzong. A team of secientists was surrounded by a group of wolves and they had to shoot them using guns. Of course, at present in Chang Tang, wolves are absolutely lonely.In this traverse, the first time I encountered a pair of wolves, one of them staying in front of me pretending to attack me while the other staying behind me. This is the standard attacking strategy of wolves. First, you should not be nervous which can be easily detected by the predators. Second, you should not retreat even an inch because this means you are the prey rather than the predator. Do not make any large movement, of course you could take a picture if you feel safe to do so. You must look into its eyes for a few minutes or even half an hour. When the wolves can not work out who you are and consider you are not posing any danger to them, then they will leave. You should remember that wolves in this land do not lack of food and it is much easy for them to catch a pika than a human. Even if being hungry, they would evaluate how easy to get you done, What you need to do is to show them that you are not interested in them and you are not afraid of them at all, let alone to show your ID card to them. As for the wolves family, really, I have not heard for ages. If you really have an encounter with them and they have no other choice, then it definitely depends on your forture. In fact, for so many year, it has been very rare to happen that wolves kill human. But the rumours are still there, in particular, the road connecting Xinjiang and Tibet.The nearest encounter with a wolf throughout my journey, no conflict at all[Brown Bears]Brown bears are real dangerous animals to human. Every year there are some accidents happened in some regions of Xinjiang on the north side of Kunkun Mountains and steppes in Northern Tibet. More than that the bears could attack your house, smash your windows, and eat your sheep. Therefore, in Northern Tibet some local councils give subsidies to the pastorarists for compensating the losses due to the bears because they are not allow to fight back and kill the bears except their lives are in great danger. Once there was a nomad taught me a method to protect yourself from bears. He told me to pick up a stick to feed the bear and the bear thinks the stick is your hand which tastes disgusting. So the bear would leave. It was so funny but the reality is to find a stick in this vast wilderness is just like you win the lottery.Bears are omonivorous animal who are generally not interested in human flesh. You can find that in most of accidents, the bears did not eat any of the human flesh rather they just smashed them for kind of fun that we could not understand. For the reason why bears kill human, one explanation is the conflict between human and wildlife in this extreme ecological environment. The nomads invade the habitats of the bears, which results in these conflicts. On the other hand, it might be because bears have quite high IQ so that they think it is much easy to kill a sheep in the cote rather than to kill a pika in the wild.I have met bears five times in my traverse, in two cases we were very close to each other. I had even walked with one of them for quite a while, just like we had a date for a walk. The fact is it is not that terrible like you might imagine. The same rules for dealing with wolves apply to bears. Never provoke dangerous animals. A bear can run at a speed of 40km/h, do you think you can compete this in a highland 5,000m above sea level?However, there is a situation where it is really dangerous, that is the encounter. It is not easy to control your instinctive reaction to the external dangers. Last year once I turned around a hill, there was a bear just in front of me. The bear of course was frightened by me with its front legs holding up, waving in the air and roaring. At that time I sat on the ground, ignoring it. The bear then left in a few minutes. Chang Tang is a vast land so that this is not that easy to happen. But if it does happen, really only God can bless you.The nearest encounter with a bear throughout my journey. This bear disappeared in a herd of wild yaks, which I had tried hard to spot, really weird About wildlife (part 2)Declaration personal experience for reference only.[Wild Yaks]I have talked about quite a few, like in the post of Day10. I will no longer talk about it.This was the funniest encounter with a solitary wild yak, who did not warn me. If I sat down, it sat down too. If I moved forward, it stopped. Could not imagine what it was thinking about.[Crows]Crows are dangerous only when you fall unconscious in the wilderness. Of course they will be the first to taste your flesh in that case. Unlike their cousinsliving in urban areas, the crows in Chang Tang have a larger body like eagles. When they fly over your head, you could feel like it is a piece of cloud. They are scavengers but like fresh meat too. It once happened that a baby was killed by crows relentlessly, let alone the lambs got killed by them. Once a nomad asked me for fireworks to scare the crows away. (They are sacred birds not to be killed by human)It is easy to defend yourself against crows, that is to keep fighting, never fall in the wilderness.A short break attracted the crows. Of course, they were miscalculating this time, photo taken last year[Strategies Adopted]At the time when I met the four soldiers in Jieshan Daban, they said there were many dangerous animals in the Northern Tibet and asked me if I had brought a shotgun. I think if they knew that I would enter Chang Tang they would definitely check if I really have a shotgun. The so-called defence facilities I brought with me were the fireworks and pepper spray. I had never used them. The fireworks were ruined and thrown away when I crossed a river and I had never opened the pepper spray. I even had never thought about this when camping in the night. The reason was I did not feel the needs. During the day time whenever I met any animals I had never touched the knife I had brought. I did not have anything to defend myself when I walked out to investigate the route. The Chang Tang is really a vast area so as to be very easy to detect anything strange.By the way, you'd better to avoid mating season's animals because even tamed rabbits could be aggressive in mating season.The thing is even if you have a gun, it is not very much helpful when bears attack you. Therefore, your attitude is most important.I can tell you something. Dogs are more dangerous than these wild animals. I had been chased by Tibetan dogs, pounced on by dogs in mating season, also besieged by a group of dogs. I really feel it is more useful to know how to defend a dog.Declaration again The above experience is from Chang Tang only. Of course, the more you prepared, the better. Day 12 (May 1), 23.8km, Camping 5117mToday was May 1 -- the Labour Day, I had been walking in some lake area marked in the map but clearly dried up. The lake basin was flat and hard so that I even pushed my bike more than 20km. Let it be the special treat for my May Day. After midday it became cloudy with growing winds. Since the Yueya Hu that I passed yesterday, there were no big lakes until Yanghu Co (My route would be between Jianshui Hu and Bairab Co), there was even no light alkaline water to drink so I had to pay extra attention not to miss any possible drinking water supply to fill up my water bag. There were a few very small lakes but all were alkaline puddles which was very shallow, whose depth was no more than the length of a half-finger. These puddles were covered with a hard shell of the mixture of salt and ice which smelled stinking and decaying when getting closer, must be toxic water I supposed. On the shore of this type of small lakes it was muddy soil and very hard to get closer.There was no sign of tundra at all.It was almost half past six when I found some snow corns in a ditch, which was the only drinking water supply of the day. There was a thin layer of melted ice on the surface of the ground near the snow corn, which was very hard to collect and was contaminated by the alkali. The snow corn was the yet melted thick snow, which was shaped like a corn by wind. The snow was quite hard and dry,porous like ice. I crushed a few snow corns, putting them into the water bag.They would be my drinking water tonight. These snow corns were the only one in today's wilderness, I reckoned the reason why they were not melted like others was the soil underneath contained large amount of ice blocks which acted as a freezer.Very strong gale in the night, it was hard to bear the sound of the vibration of the tent. Small single tent was good in the sense that it would not be blown away as long as you stayed inside. But you had to be very careful to set up the tent. I once did not pay much attention when doing so, the tent was blown away by winds, and rolling over like a Giant lantern ... I ran after it, got it back, and was exhausted. In general, it is not possible to fix the tent completely using tent pegs because they were not very much effective like large tents. It was snowing around 23 o'clock, the winds were howling from north,then the falling snow flakes landed on my tent quietly, I finally felt at peace and fell asleep. The flat ancient lake basin, assisting me walking more than 20kmSmall lake en route, toxic waterSnow corns, the only drinking water supply today Day 13 (May 2), 0km, Camping 5117mWaking up in the morning and opening the tent, the heavy snow outside must be sent by the God to force me have a break for the May Day. After lying in for a while, getting up and walking on the snowy ground out I went to have a look around. As first sight there were a herd of chirus. They were plainly to be spotted because they looked like a clear black straight line in the while snow. I returned to get my camera and then followed them to take some pictures. But they were very much alert and kept a quite long distance from me. I felt they were a group of pregnant females, instinctively protecting themselves from any potential harm. I was no longer short of water, the snow gave me a precious supply of drinking water. The problem was that they were very petrol consuming. I tool 8.6 litre of petrol and the oil stove was Duola's MSR. The pot was of 1.5 litre, mainly for boiling water. After several days' experiments, I found that the liquid water needed 16mins and 14-15mins to boil in the morning and evening, respectively. For ice, it would take 35-40mins while for snow it took 45-50mins. Melting snow was a very time and petrol consuming process so if I had a choice between snow and light alkaline water, most of time I would go with the latter. Lying inside the tent, listening to musics,I smoked a cigarette while gazing at the more and more chirus around me. Because it was very cold I had been wearing my shoes all the time. Now I just put my bare feet under the warm sun for some fresh air. I found three cuts in my hands and one in my sole. The cuts were about 4cm in length, looked terrible but it was actually all right really. Half of my toes were injured by to much walking, quite painful. I fetched my medicine bag and found I only got four patches of plasters, a serious mistake. One of the cuts in my hand had never been cured until I was out of this desolate land so as to feel like this finger would drop from my hand at any time. The others quickly recovered in a few days then new cuts appeared elsewhere. This process occurred periodically. I felt that it was somewhat related to the cold, dry weather and the lack of vitamins. The snow rapidly disappeared, which is unique phenomenon in Chang Tang. Because of the low air humidity and the high radiation from the sun, the snow was evaporating very fast, much quicker than the melting speed. Owing to this, the ground was generally still dry after the snow disappeared. In most cases, it would be only 2/5 left in the afternoon around 2 to 3 o'clock and small patches of ground could be seen. It would be completely all right for walking the next day. On the third day there could be some snow left in somewhere the sunlight hard to reach. So generally it could give you three days of water supply after a heavy snow like this. One of the pannier was broken, the most expensive one from deuter series, supposed to be waterproof. I will come back to it at some point later. Everything was covered by snow, no way out Lying in the middle of Chang Tang, listening to Tian Zhen's songs, and smoking Baisha cigarettes, what else can you ask for? The pregnant female chirus in migration, probably heading to Heishi Beihu to give birth([]

五月停天下二区三区综合

杨希香

云南德钦的梅里雪山和雨崩相信许多喜爱旅游的朋友都耳熟能详。而我，算上这次的雨崩6天之行因该是今年第3次带驴友来到梅里雪山，过去的2010年214国道迎来的是一场人工的灾难，从去年4月后开始破土动工修建二级公路，但至今未果，直到这次我们雨崩之行结束返回香格里拉道路状况还是一片狼藉……在痛苦的颠簸后，最让人期盼的就是让这条令人神往滇藏路能够早日迎来崭新的面目。在全封闭施工的这些日子里，还是有许多不畏艰险游人或组织者绞尽脑汁设法来到这里，梅里雪山的神秘诱惑确实是让人无法抵挡，绕路、换车、打时间差、寻觅小路、连夜狂赶……一系列能够想到的办法都在“只要能到梅里”的欲望驱使下产生。到现在如果你要问“梅里雪山、雨崩能去吗？”回答一定是：“可以去！”“幸苦吗？”“确实很幸苦”……现在总算好了，路是通了，只是还有些难走，反正滇藏线总是在缝缝补补又一年中度过的……先不说这些了，既然能去，就算是我这样到过这里许多次的人也同样向往，并且依旧如此激动！带队这次的雨崩之行也是非常另人满意的，原因是特殊的天气让我们全团人都感受了不一样的雨崩！清晨的日照金山分外令人震惊！雨崩神瀑浮云中夹杂的大雪更是为我们此次朝圣之旅增添了洁白和纯净。梅里雪山是藏民心中的神山，当看到他时敬畏油然而生，卡瓦格博早在800年前就被藏民奉为神山，而且是藏区八大神山中唯一的男性神山，每年秋冬季节，尤其是这个时候，许多来自西藏、四川、青海等滴的藏民到此朝山转经，其中雨崩神瀑是比去之地，因为转经的人们都相信，能够被“雨崩神瀑淋湿，就能求得福气！接下来再慢慢介绍，全篇大概会有400多幅全都是梅里雪山和雨崩的图片，相信你一定能够看个大致的过瘾。其中整个行程中的香格里拉、虎跳峡等其他部分的介绍我都省略了，因为那些不是本帖的重点，而且现在整个丽江的自助游线路都是大同小异！照片也是漫天飞舞，参差不齐。我就不做太多的描述了，慢慢看，看我们一趟雨崩之行到底能够感受到些什么，值不值得！就请跟我的镜头扫过，一有时间我会慢慢更新的，不过按照惯例我还是将和往常发新贴一样先做个记录：行程时间：6日里程：丽江-香格里拉180公里香格里拉-飞来寺 200公里足有飞来寺-西当温泉50公里左右西当温泉-南宗垭口 12公里（徒步）南宗垭口-上雨崩7公里（徒步）雨崩-冰湖 12公里（徒步）雨崩-神瀑7公里（徒步）人数：10人用车：福特方式：丽江云行户外俱乐部活动徒步里程：80公里左右（3天完成）气温跨度：-3°——15° 相机：50D 18-270具体攻略可见 www.aaa5.com 提示：备一个小背包，在徙步时，小包内只要装上一套换洗内衣、裤，可以背相机、饮料、食物即可。进雨崩切记不用带太多的东西，轻松上阵。厚一点的袜子二到三双，最好是户外袜，通气性强，穿久了也不会有异味。雨崩里面的条件是非常有限的，但手机和相机充电是完全没有问的，信号是时有时无，进山之前最好是先和家里打好电话以免担心，驴友有必要准备一些常备药。其他的就无所谓了，外话：在梅里雪山、雨崩等藏区很神圣的地方最好是不要乱说话，跨经幡，要尊重当地风俗习惯，我见过很多这类不注意的人和事情，乱说话可能会给自己带来不好的运气……云南最美的村寨-雨崩还是由于修路的原因我们不得不第一天就直接从丽江到飞来寺住下，当天晚上没有风，从来没有见过这么多星星的夜晚，美极了，一道道的银河好像就在头顶不远处，梅里雪山只在我们对面留下了一道轮廓，由于光线太暗，根本没办法对焦，花了半个多小时就曝了下图这么仅有的一张12点钟的梅里雪山。第二天清晨，在住所窗口架上三脚架拍的梅里雪山全景，只是广角不够28的广角确实很尴尬。这个是日照金山开始的前兆，天气真是太好了，不过这段时间能够看到日照金山的几率是非常高的！我边拍边叫醒同行的团友，这样的风景是绝对不允许错过的。梅里雪山是藏民心中的神山，十三峰一字排开，让人领会到自然的伟大，敬畏油然而生。日照金山的那一刻，白马山头观景处一片寂静，放佛所有的人都深怕打扰了神山焕发光彩。神女峰是我看到过这么多雪山中最秀美的一座山峰，每次到梅里总是先把镜头对准她，与卡瓦格博截然不同的是她的气质一眼就能看出似女人的高贵，旁边的五冠峰依偎在右侧传说是卡瓦格博与神女峰的儿子。卡瓦格博6740米，云南第一高峰，威仪俊朗锐利如剑锋直指天空，尊严从不轻易让人朝觐。雨崩神瀑其实就是从五冠峰高耸的悬崖顶坠下，因水源为神山的雪水，所以特别神圣.日出那一刻，满目皆是金山。快马下到飞来寺新修的观景台，这里确实是最佳的观景位置，只是收费有点昂贵，60元的费用真是让人望而生畏……好在我来过多次混了个脸熟，领队证也没有出示，直接进去狂怕。日照金山是很短暂的，夏天出来的时间会早一些大概7点15左右，而冬天金山是8点后才慢慢出来，但冬天和春天的天空会更加清澈。看到过很多拍金山的照片颜色过于鲜艳，看起来还真如金子般绚丽，其实真正当时的颜色是很不好把握的，相机不同拍出来的效果和颜色是完全不一样的，这个把握相信谁都做不好，当时看到的场景颜色和照片差别太大。远瞰这片村寨好像就在卡瓦格博主峰脚下，其实这里离主峰还有很远，真正主峰脚下的村寨是明永村。不能只顾关注雪山了，其实佛塔和雪山的配合才显得分出彩。在佛塔前拍梅里雪山会更具有浓厚的宗教色彩。回复 mxhsz889 的帖子呵呵，谢谢，正在发，会陆续更新的！瓦格博在眼前显得特别高大，每个季节来看到他都不一样，非常神奇！因为当天就要进雨崩村，天已经很亮，大概已经9点多了，我还在继续不断的拍会很晚才能进到雨崩村里，飞来寺下去到西当温泉还有50公里的山路要开车进去，到西当温泉后就只能徒步进山了。集结了所有团友准备出发!回复歪歪_79 的帖子嗯，一定加油！不过平时工作忙，我一有空就会来发帖的！谢谢版主支持！！从飞来寺下去会有两条线路，一条是西当也就是去雨崩的必经之地，另外一条就是去明永冰川，明永冰川大概需要徒步2个多小时，冰川像一条凝固的河流从卡瓦格博主峰的山谷汹涌而下，冰面下就是雪水流水声震耳欲聋，明永冰川也是不非常不错的景点，只是我们这次的重点在雨崩，所以就不对这里做太多的图片介绍了。雪山周边的密林深处，经常会看到朝圣的藏民，他们世世代代与神山交往，虔诚地视神山如祖辈，所以卡瓦格博也叫做阿尼（爷爷的意思）卡瓦格博。到梅里雪山就怕广角不够用，28的广角总是差了一大截，没办法，换个方法把整个雪山群拿下.先谢谢以上给位朋友帮顶！！！！{5_135}在不同的平面看雪山会有截然不同的效果，这个地方是在前往西当村的路上的澜沧江大峡谷边拍到的。之后我还会贴上一些不同的角度给大家参考，因为很少有人去拍这样的角度，所以建议大家留意一下，不然大家的照片都一样也就没意思了。回复摩托摩托的帖子嗯，雨崩的就在后面，稍等。卡瓦格博和明永冰川。从飞来寺开车往下大概15分钟左右会到达一个挂满经幡的神台，这里看到的神女峰和在飞来寺观景台上完全就是两个模样。听过很多人说梅里十三峰他们怎么数都没有十三座？其实你换到这个角度就会明白为什么数不出有十三座了，因为有些山头是需要到特定的角度才能看到的。澜沧江梅里大峡谷，过了这个峡谷才能到达西当村，这里也只有唯一一座能够过峡谷的大桥，桥前面就是雨崩景区的门票口，所以到雨崩想逃票有点不大可能……呵呵。这个角度的卡瓦格博我相信很多人都没有看到过，这个是我们从西当温泉出发后爬到山的另一个侧面拍到的，而这个位置可以同时看到白马雪山群和梅里雪山群，但由于密林遮挡这里其实根本不是理想的拍摄位置，而且到这里很容易迷路，坡也非常难爬，还有比较危险，所以不推荐到这里来，我自己去年走过这边，但是今年还差点迷了路，好不容易在天黑之前找到了大路，不然真的头大了……如果你对自己有信心，体力超强的话可以考虑从南宗垭口再往南上坡20公里的样子估计能找到这里，不过，呵呵还是不推荐去，因为如果没有向导，在这里迷路到时候哭都没用了…… 从迷途中出来找到了一条大路，这条大路虽然可以到南宗垭口但还是走个没完没了的，但路上的景色确实让我感受不一般！([]

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赖秉竹

走进世博会——中国2010年上海世博会介绍（世博系列之一）目录前言一、世界博览会历史 1、世界博览会的由来 2、历届世博会主办城市、名称和主 3、以往部分世博会简介二、中国与世界博览会 1、中国与世博会的渊源 2、中国参加世博会的获奖产品 3、新中国参加过的历届世博会 4、中国以往举办的世园会三、2010年世界博览会（Expo 2010）总体介绍 1、上海世博会申办的过程 2、世博会主 3、会徽 4、吉祥物 5、确认参展的国家和组织 6、上海世博会场地 7、上海世博会园区规划 8、2010年上海世博会门票 9、上海世博会世博轴 10、上海世博会世博公园 11、上海世博会演艺中心 12、上海世博会世博中心 13、上海世博会世博论坛 14、上海世博会网上世博会 15、上海世博会文化演艺活动 16、上海世博会世博村四、参展展馆 1、上海世博会主馆 2、上海世博会中国国家馆 3、亚洲馆 4、欧洲馆 5、美洲馆 6、非洲馆 7、大洋洲馆 8、其他国际组织馆 9、企业馆 10、上海世博会城市最佳实践区1# 老顽童thtsjy 前言 2010年是世博年，我们作为本届世博会举办地——上海的市民，愿为世博会尽绵薄之力。为此，我们综合了参观《走进世博会——中国2010年世博会暨世博会历史回顾展览》（在上海展览馆举办）、探访“中国2010年上海世博会展示中心”（位于淮海中路香港新世界大厦三楼）以及收集的有关世博会资料，整理成庚寅年第一帖，奉献给诸位参考。鉴于我们自身文字和拍照水平的局限、收集资料渠道的受限、整理功力的有限，本帖存在诸多不足，恳请各位指教，深表感谢！ 16# zj522522 感谢以上各位支持，祝你们虎年吉祥！ 17# 老顽童thtsjy 一、世界博览会历史 1、世界博览会的由来在古代农耕社会，人们往往在庆贺丰收、宗教仪式、欢度喜庆的节日里展开交易活动，后来逐渐发展成为定期的、有固定场所的、以物品交换为目的的大型贸易及展示的集会。这就是世博会的最早形式。公元5世纪，波斯举办了第一个超越集市功能的展览会。 18世纪，随着新技术和新产品的不断出现，人们逐渐想到举办与集市相似，但只展不卖，以宣传、展出新产品和成果为目的的展览会。1791年捷克在首都布拉格首次举办了这样的展览会。随着科学技术的进步，社会生产力的发展，展览会的规模也逐步扩大，参展的地域范围从一地扩大到全国，由国内延伸到国外，直至发展成为由许多国家参与的世界性博览会。 26# 老顽童thtsjy 2、历届世博会主办城市、名称和主1851年英国伦敦万国工业产品大博览会1853年美国纽约万国工业产品博览会1855年法国巴黎世界工农业和艺术博览会1862年英国伦敦国际工业和艺术博览会1865年爱尔兰都柏林世界博览会1867年法国巴黎第2届巴黎世界博览会1873年奥地利维也纳世界博览会1876年美国费城美国独立百年展览会1878年法国巴黎第3届巴黎世界博览会1880年澳大利亚墨尔本世界博览会1883年荷兰阿姆斯特丹国际博览会1889年法国巴黎第4届巴黎世界博览会1893年美国芝加哥哥伦布纪念博览会1897年比利时布鲁塞尔世界博览会1900年法国巴黎第5届巴黎世界博览会1904年美国纪念路易斯安娜购置一百周年博览会1905年比利时列日世界博览会1906年意大利米兰世界博览会1908年英国伦敦世界博览会1910年比利时布鲁塞尔世界博览会1913年比利时甘特世界博览会1915年美国旧金山巴拿马太平洋博览会1925年法国巴黎国际装饰美术博览会1926年美国费城建国150周年世界博览会1929年西班牙巴塞罗那世界博览会1933年美国芝加哥世界博览会——“一个世纪的进步”1935年比利时布鲁塞尔万国博览会——“通过竞争获取和平”1936年瑞典斯德哥尔摩世界博览会1937年法国巴黎现代生活艺术世界博览会——“现代世界的艺术和技术”1938年芬兰赫尔辛基航空世界博览会1939年比利时国际水资源博览会1939-1940年美国纽约世界博览会——“明日新世界”1939-1940年美国旧金山金门世界博览会1949年瑞典国际体育博览会1949年海地王子港世界博览会1953年以色列耶路撒冷世界博览会1954年意大利航海世界博览会1955年瑞典世界生活艺术博览会1955年意大利都灵国际体育博览会1956年以色列柑橘栽培展览会1957年德国柏林世界博览会1958比利时布鲁塞尔世界博览会——“科学、文明和人性”1961年意大利都灵世界博览会1962年美国西雅图廿一世纪博览——“太空时代的人类”1964-1965年美国纽约世界博览会——“通过理解走向和平”1965年德国慕尼黑交通运输世界博览会1967年加拿大蒙持利尔世界博览会——“人类与世界”1968年美国圣安东尼奥世界博览会——“美洲大陆的文化交流”1970年日本大阪日本世界博览会——“人类的进步与和谐”1971年匈牙利布达佩斯世界狩猎博览会1974年美国斯波坎环境世界博览会——“无污染的进步”1975年日本冲绳国际海洋博览会——“海洋-充满希望的未来”1981年保加利亚普罗夫迪夫世界博览会1982年美国诺克斯维世界能源博览会——“能源-世界的原动力”1984年美国新奥尔良路易西安纳世界博览会——“河流的世界-水乃生命之源”1985年日本筑波万国博览会——“居住与环境人类的家居科技”1985年保加利亚普罗夫迪夫世界博览会1986年加拿大温哥华世界交通与通讯博览会——“交通与运输”1988年澳大利亚布里斯班世界博览会——“科技时代的休闲生活”1990年日本大阪世界博览会——“人类与自然”1991年保加利亚普罗夫迪夫世界博览会1992年西班牙塞维利亚世界博览会——“发现的时代”1992年意大利热那亚世界博览会——“哥伦布-船与海”1993年韩国大田世界博览会——“新的起飞之路”1998年葡萄牙里斯本海洋博览会——“海洋——未来的财富”1999年中国昆明世界博览会——“人与自然，迈向二十一世纪”2000年德国汉诺威世界博览会——“人类-自然-科技-发展”2005年日本爱知爱．地球博——“自然、城市、和谐——生活的艺术”2008年西班牙萨拉戈萨世界博览会2010年中国上海世界博览会——“城市,让生活更美好”2012年韩国丽水世界博览会2015年意大利米兰世界博览会 29# 老顽童thtsjy 3、历届部分世博会简介水晶宫的魅力——1851年英国伦敦第一届世界博览会纪实全世界第一场世界博览会——1851年万国工业博览会在英国首都伦敦的海德公园举行，展期是1851年5月1日至10月11日，主要内容是世界文化与工业科技，借此博览会英国在当时展现了工业革命后技冠群雄、傲视全球的辉煌成果。 “天时、地利、人和”催发了首届世博会 19世纪前半叶，欧洲工业革命正如火如荼地进行，科学技术的飞速发展，使人类生活发生了巨大的变化。在英国，自维多利亚女王登基后，当时的英国在世界工业中一马当先。同时资本的高速聚集和运作，英国也成为当时欧洲金融的中心。这些因素触发了英国将在世界舞台上演绎主角的欲望。此前，欧洲各国举办工业博览会已不是新鲜事，特别是英国、法国在工业革命的推动下，都举办了多届有影响的工业产品博览会，以此来推广本国的工业生产技术和宣传新产品。频频举办工业博览会使英国萌发了举办一次世界各国参与的博览会。成立于1754年的英国皇家艺术协会历来承担国家展览会的组织工作，担任皇家艺术协会主席的阿尔伯特亲王具有一种与传统理念所不同的开明思想和创新精神。1849年，艺术协会开始酝酿筹划规模更大的博览会时，阿尔伯特提出“博览会必须是国际性的、展品要有外国产品参加”的设想，要求能在伦敦海德公园中找到最好的展览场地，以举办一届规模宏大的世界博览会。 “天时、地利、人和”催发了第一届世博会在英国诞生。确立规则，女王广邀宾客 1849年6月30日，一次历史性的会议在白金汉宫召开，参加者有皇家艺术协会成员、全国博览会组委会成员、建筑公司成员和阿尔伯特亲王。会议作出了7项重要决定：1、世博会展品分为四个大类：原材料、机械、工业制品和雕塑作品；2、将建一幢特别临时建筑作为世博会展厅；3、举办场地选在海德公园南侧；4、博览会将是国际性的，由国家发出参展邀请；5、组委会将提供大量奖金以鼓励参展者；6、将成立一个皇家委员会来主办世博会；7、世博会财政集资由艺术家协会负责。会议之后，组委会立即起草并提交给政府关于成立世博会皇家委员会的申请。组委会成员到英格兰、苏格兰和爱尔兰的65个城镇和法国等一些欧洲国家进行了游说，动员参展。 1849年10月17日，组委会举行了一次大规模的公共会议，向伦敦市最有影响力的商人和银行家描述了世博会的整个计划。艺术协会的项目融资也有了进展，25万英镑的保证金解决了财务问。很快，议会两院也以多数票同意在海德公园内举行博览会。 1850年1月3日，世博会皇家委员会成立。随后，维多利亚女王便以国家名义向世界各国发出世博会参展邀请。 31# 老顽童thtsjy 一个方案拯救了首届世博会世博会的筹备工作开局颇为顺利，但是困难却是接踵而来。一是时间紧，距世博会开幕仅有一年半，具体工作尚未启动；二是集资困难，运作资金尚有很大缺口；三是社会上有大量意见反对使用海德公园举办世博会，因为建造展馆将会破坏树林和环境。但最大的麻烦是世博会展馆的设计与建造问。 1849年底成立的世博会建筑委员会立即向各国发出展馆设计的邀请。尽管方案征集仅有三个星期，但委员会仍收到245个方案，却没有一个获胜者。因为所有方案都是古典、永久性的建筑形式。这不仅使阿尔伯特等陷入困境，甚至有导致世博会流产的危险。正在皇家委员会一筹莫展时，一个不经意的方案不仅成功地挽救了世博会，更是成为人类历史上的里程碑作品，甚至建筑物作品的本身成为了第一届世博会最成功的展品。这便是园艺工约瑟夫·帕克斯顿和他的创作“水晶宫”。意外发现睡莲化作“水晶宫” 1837年，一位英国探险家在圭亚那发现美丽的王莲，便采集种子带回英国交给查丝华斯庄园首席园艺师约瑟夫·帕克斯顿(Joseph Paxton)种植。三个月后，王莲长出11片巨大的叶子和开出美丽的花朵。帕克斯顿将花以维多利亚命名王莲Victoria amazonica Sowerby（Royal Water Lily,Amazon Water-platter），并作为礼物送给了维多利亚女王。自此他与阿尔伯特亲王相识并成为挚友。王莲越长越大。有一天他把7岁的小女儿抱在其中一片叶子上观赏花朵，水上飘逸的绿叶居然轻而易举地承担起她的体重。帕克斯顿翻开叶子观察其背面，只见粗壮的径脉纵横呈环形交错，构成既美观又可以负担巨大的承重力的整体。这个发现顿时给了他灵感，一种新的建筑理念在脑中形成。不久他在为王莲建造查丝华斯温室时，用铁栏和木制拱胁为结构、玻璃为墙面，首创了新颖的温室。该建筑除了简洁明快的功能外，建筑构件可以预先制造，不同构件可以根据建筑大小需要组合装配，这样的建筑成本低廉，施工快捷。帕克斯顿听说了在海德公园建造展览场馆之事，立即毛遂自荐愿意提供他的建筑方案。帕克斯顿的设计方案在众人的关注下最终被敲定，记者Douglas Jerrold在报上将它称之为“水晶宫”，这个名称一直流传至今。1850年9月26日，水晶宫奠基。6个月不到就竣工了。整幢建筑是现代化大规模工业生产技术的结晶。 38# 老顽童thtsjy 博览盛会，创造历史水晶宫建造的同时，组委会挑选和收集各类展品的工作进展加快。博览会共有18000个参加商，提供了10万多件展品。组委会另设特别评选委员会对展品评选，评出5084奖项，其中外国人获得3045项。 1851年5月1日早上9时，水晶宫开门接纳来参加开幕式的客人。50多万人聚集在海德公园四周。11时30分，9驾皇家马车列队离开了白金汉宫前往海德公园参加世博会开幕大典，12时的钟声敲响，在“哈利路亚”乐曲声中，王室和他们的随行人员进入展览宫。水晶宫内挂满万国彩旗，参观人流摩肩接踵，各种工艺品、艺术雕塑琳琅满目、目不暇接。人们惊奇地观看来自不同国家的发明、珍奇和不同产品。参观者最感兴趣的是不同的机器发明。人们目瞪口呆地看着开槽机，钻孔机，拉线机，纺纱机，造币机，抽水机等各种机器工作，让人领悟到工业革命给世界带来的变化。当然，最受赞誉的还是水晶宫，这座原本是为世博会展品提供展示的场馆却成了第一届世博会中最成功的作品和展品。水晶宫成为世博会的志。水晶宫成就了世博会的举办，世博会的成功又为世界上第一次聚集众多国家，为了一个和平的目的交流不同文化、科技成果开创了先例。 1851年共有6039195人次参观了首届世博会。同年10月14日伦敦世博会举行了闭幕式，世博会圆满结束，并获得了186437英镑的利润。世博会结束后水晶宫移至伦敦南部的西得汉姆，并以更大的规模重新建造，1854年6月10日由维多利亚女王主持向公众开放。它作为伦敦的娱乐中心存在了82年。1936年11月30日晚上6点，中央大厅员工厕所突然着火，大火烧遍了整幢建筑。水晶宫的焚毁宣告了辉煌的维多利亚时代结束。 43# 老顽童thtsjy 1853年美国纽约世博会 1853年的世博会在美国纽约举办，主办者效仿英国也用钢铁和玻璃建造了一个大型展馆，同样称之为“水晶宫”，但规模却小得多，仅及英国的三分之一。 45# 老顽童thtsjy 46# 老顽童thtsjy 胜家缝纫机公司（Singer）是美国第一家成功的跨国公司，其主打产品——缝纫机被誉为继农用锄具发明之后的又一伟大发明，并被称为“世界上最著名的机械”。1853年纽约世博会上展出的胜家缝纫机已具备以后一百多年间的家用缝纫机的基本功能。 47# 老顽童thtsjy 48# 老顽童thtsjy 1852年，奥的斯发明了动力上升梯子的安全装置，并在1853年纽约世博会上演示其发明。现代电梯仍使用奥的斯当年的发明创造。 52# 老顽童thtsjy 1865年爱尔兰都柏林世博会 1865年爱尔兰都柏林世博会上，一种起源于古罗马、风行于16世纪欧洲宫廷、而为爱尔兰妇女所钟爱的蕾丝作品，以其华美典丽而令人炫目，并由此推广成为平民女子的美丽服饰。 54# 老顽童thtsjy 1867年巴黎世博会 1867年在法国巴黎举办的世博会，已经具备了现代世博会的雏形。主展馆为490X380米的巨大橄圆形建筑，中心为公园，四周为展厅，16条通道分割展区，给各参展国设计自己独立的展馆。 57# 老顽童thtsjy 蓝色的多瑙河——记1873年维也纳世博会世博会的举办与规划十九世纪中后期，通过举办世博会来提高国家地位，已被许多国家认同和追逐。1870年，奥地利政府为将首都维也纳推进到世界先进城市行列，同时也为清除1866年普奥战争失败后的笼罩在城市上空的阴霾，向世界宣布：举办1873年维也纳世界博览会，主为纪念约瑟夫一世执政25周年。世博会举办地选择在风光秀丽的多瑙河边，这条河随着几年前施特劳斯著名的圆舞曲《蓝色的多瑙河》而名声鹊起。维也纳中央公园被选作博览会会场，面积达233公倾。维也纳市政当局想利用举办世博会的时机，对旧城区建筑大举实施改造，拆去城壁，打通市中心与郊外的联系，多瑙河也在整改范围之列，涉及水道绵延半英里，拓展河道工程产生的50万立方的砂砾被用于世博会会址之用。整个工程规划由建筑师凯利·哈森那根据意大利文艺复兴时期的风格设计。由于前几届世博会的启示，维也纳世博会的组织者已开始注重建筑的功能与美观结合，强调建筑的整体魅力。设计中的宏伟庞大的主建筑群——工业宫，面积达7万平方米,工业宫建筑结构合理，长907米,宽206米。中央与园顶大厅相连,两侧留有宽25米主廊，主廊与长145米、宽15米的侧廊相交。侧廊之间有多个宽45米,长75米庭院,所有建筑均建有屋顶，观众入口装饰处建造了凯旋门和不同历史风格的大门。工业宫建筑开创了世博会历史中建造大型联体展览建筑物的先列。 60# 老顽童thtsjy 世界第八大奇观——圆顶大厅罗托纳达维也纳世博会上建筑亮点是由斯各特·罗素设计的工业宫中央圆顶大厅罗托纳达。罗素曾担任1851年伦敦世博会参展委员会的秘书。该大厅设计显然受到了1851年世博会“官方”建筑计划书的启发，风格极其相同。罗托纳达圆形大厅，顶高83米,直径约110米,成为当时世界上最大的圆顶大厅建筑，比罗马的圣·皮耶尔大教堂的48米圆顶和伦敦的圣保罗大教堂37米圆顶确实大了许多。圆形大厅的结构也是用金属制作，建设周期仅18个月,时间之短在当时令人难以置信。建筑被称之为世界第八大奇观。圆形大厅其锥形屋顶由32根粗大的柱子支撑，圆顶之上有一个直径为28米的穹隆塔顶，再上面是一个直径为7米的小型穹隆灯塔，最高处是一个奥地利皇冠的巨大复制品，由皇冠珠宝的仿制品装饰。这个巨大的园顶建筑物引起了轰动效应，也倾倒了观众。世博会期间共有206270位参观者踏着台阶登到圆顶皇冠处，饱览维也纳城市的迷人景色并为壮观的建筑而荣耀。整个博览会除工业宫建筑群外，还有机械厅、美术馆、园艺馆等新建190多幢建筑，整个世博会把现实和艺术，现代和古老，东方和西方不同建筑元素和谐地融为一体。 64# 老顽童thtsjy 布展独特展品丰富建筑群内的中央广场呈东西走向，圆形大厅中央安放着土耳其苏丹二赠送的美丽装饰喷泉。四周由回廊环绕，陈列各国展品。维也纳世博会组织者，为了使展品分类越加合理，将展品分成26种，分类数增加到162个,其目的是“将创造发明、工业化生产与人类教育、生活品味和生活质量的发展相适应”。 16个展示厅内布局根据国家位置而设计展示体系，每个国家的展品都靠着其地理上的邻国，所以只要观赏了不同国家的展品，就可以获知基本的世界地理知识。奥地利展品中给人印象比较深的是一副刻画政治家在普法战争中形象的象牙棋子和一颗重达8吨、长50英尺放置在水银池中的巨型炮弹，使人想起1866年那场不幸的那场战争。埃及展示了世界注目的苏伊士运河工程模型。埃及政府把设计展区的任务委托给了一批德国的著名埃及史研究专家。他们在设计中将四年前刚开始动工的工程建筑与埃及风光、风情巧妙结合，把埃及的地理、历史和社会进程关系完美的展示给观众。瑞典提供了一个模范学校的教育展示，从教室的课桌设计到学生教材丛书和办学规划，让观众了解公共教育的重要性。　　维也纳世博会主办者强调发明和设计理念：科学和艺术，工业和手艺、过去和将来之间，需在美感和实用性的大前提下具有审美价值，构建完美的和谐关系。文化艺术类展品则显示了主办国-维也纳城市特有的强项。世博会中，奥地利为维也纳城市设计了专展览，展览以丰富多样的形式，详细阐述了建成于罗马时代的维也纳城市中城堡、宫殿、街道、广场和著名建筑物的历史故事。该展览最令人激动的是节日欢庆和比赛活动部分，每天的露天音乐会，由约翰.施特劳斯指挥管弦乐队演奏不同圆舞曲和圣歌，当然最受欢迎的便是“蓝色的多瑙河”，因为只有在音乐之都-维也纳，在美丽的多瑙河边，在世博会特有欢乐的氛围中聆听施特劳斯亲自演绎的“蓝色的多瑙河”，才能真正体验和感受到艺术家的真情和艺术作品的魅力所在。维也纳世博会中有两个艺术展馆展示来自世界各地的艺术珍品。法国、俄罗斯提供了众多的名家绘画作品。维也纳画家汉斯麦卡特画成的那幅长17米宽4米的巨作，尤其受人瞩目。古典艺术品中有希腊、意大利送来的大理石雕像，其中有帕台农圣庙的复制品和米洛的维纳斯雕像，据说当时维纳斯的双手还在。　　维也纳世博会于1873年5月1日开幕，11月2日闭幕，共有35个国家、4万多参展商应邀参加，仅有725万人次参观了世博会。最后财务的统计表明，世博会的总投资956万美元，但收益仅是其开支的六分之一，被认为是19世纪重大的财政失败例子之一。维也纳世博会结束后，工业宫部分建筑群成为了维也纳玉米交易所，机器厅等被专门划出用于北方铁路货物和谷物储存中心。但是工业宫建筑和著名的圆顶建筑也同许多历史上世博会建筑一样，遭遇了悲惨的命运，它被1937年的一场大火摧毁。 66# 老顽童thtsjy 1876年费城世博会 1876年的美国费城世博会是一次重要的博览会，这是一届为庆祝美国建国百年而举办的世博会。费城的费尔蒙特公园，是世界上最大的城市公园，也是1876年世博会会址。 68# 老顽童thtsjy 自由女神像是法国赠送给美国的礼物。为参加费城世博会庆典，就将已完成了的自由女神像手臂和火炬先送去。直到1886年，自由女神像才在美国纽约安装完毕。 70# 老顽童thtsjy 爱迪生是19世纪最伟大的发明家，他的许多发明都曾在早期世博会上展出。 73# 老顽童thtsjy 就在这一年，贝尔博士发明了世界第一部电话，立即送到了博览会上展出，也是在这一年，中国第一条铁路在吴淞至上海开通。 75# 老顽童thtsjy 1878年法国巴黎世博会爱迪生发明的话筒、留声机等在本届世博会上展出。 78# 老顽童thtsjy 永远的埃菲尔铁塔——1889年巴黎世博会的产物铁塔的由来 1884年11月8日,法国下院议会做出决定：1889年5月3日至11月6日，法国巴黎将举办第三届世博会。主：庆祝法国大革命胜利100周年。 1886年5月，世博会组委会组织博览会的规划设计招。中者中有设计师古斯塔夫·埃菲尔。埃菲尔建议世博会场地放在巴黎火星广场和托罗卡德罗地区，展览面积100公顷。他在规划中创意建造一座300米高的志性建筑塔。世博会的组织者们更是兴奋地建议：百年盛会中建造的志性高塔建筑，必须征集到大师们的作品，因为只有大师蕴涵的艺术天赋作品才能完美体现法国崇尚文化，独具和无可争议的优势。招的结果是收到了1000份极富创意的方案，其中花样百出。如，设计一座巨大的断头台以象征帝国的死亡。设计一座350米的金字塔，塔上雕刻有英雄雕像和浮雕以描述大革命的主要事件等等。但是，最“异想天开”的设计，还是来自年轻的设计师，古斯塔夫.埃菲尔的金属拱门塔方案。埃菲尔创意：“建造一座新颖的金属凯旋拱门来为现代科学和法国工业增光。这座拱门会给人独特的印象，也会超过历史上各种凯旋门形式。” 组委会委员、市政当局经比较和讨论，最终埃菲尔的铁塔门方案获得批准，当时新闻界大多数人也都对此方案表示欢迎。不过，所有人并没有料到，他们通过的这个方案成就了世博会历史上最激动人心的作品，也使1889年的世博会成为了经典。 80# 老顽童thtsjy 铁塔设计和建造古斯塔夫-埃菲尔，1832年生于第戎，中学毕业后，他到巴黎中央大学求学。他在设计建造波尔多的杜罗河桥时，由于解决了桥梁支柱的稳定性的难而初露峰芒。很快，他又参与设计在美国纽约“自由女神”像，因内部复杂的结构而名杨四海。通过一个个大胆创新的建筑项目中，年轻的埃菲尔的才能很快得到了充分展示。埃菲尔在方案通过后，在40个助手帮助下，绘制了5300幅工程图，涉及到建筑18038个部位。 1886年11月5日，法国贸易部长批准了埃菲尔团队提交的最后方案。并提供其预算2750万法郎中五分之一的资金。埃菲尔抵押了他的公司并设法筹足剩余五分之四的资金。 1887年1月铁塔正式开工，整个工地成了一个巨大的钢铁加工厂，每段钢材都在工厂里依照严密的计算，根据图纸精确制造，然后又严格检验、编号、并按图纸进行组装。高塔建造时现场并没有什么辅助脚架,全靠精密的计算和严密的管理，一根根沉重的钢材凭借手动液压装置精确顶到位置，再由人工用一个个烧红的铆钉，挥舞着铁锥一锤一锤加以铆接固定。铁塔用去15000根钢铁材料，二百五十万个铆钉，整座塔楼在水泥混凝土加固的底座上矗立。工程在28个月工期里，始终体现着严格而科学的秩序。 82# 老顽童thtsjy 铁塔引发的争议埃菲尔自设计铁塔开始，面对的不仅是创新的技术难，还有因铁塔而引发的一场社会争议。因为，他的“通天塔”不仅激发了人们浓厚的好奇心，也产生了巨大的困惑。巴黎杰出的哥特建筑学派专家认为从数学角度考虑建造铁塔是不可能的。而最大的反对意见来自于巴黎的文学艺术家们。以著名作家盖.德.莫泊桑为首的47位著名人士发起了一项反对铁塔名活动，名的备忘录提交给巴黎政府并在报纸上公开发表。反对和争议没有阻止建筑的进程，埃菲尔面对各种压力，始终沉着冷静，他认为铁塔一定会成功，他坚信建造铁塔将是完成一座人类理想的丰碑。铁塔在塞纳河边渐渐升高，反对的意见逐步减少。人们开始冷静地看待铁塔，并对它的整体进行评估：大胆独创的铁塔，新颖别致的造型，直冲天穹的力量，张扬中却又充溢着浪漫的轻盈。这一切不又体现了法兰西民族独有的创造和创新的精神吗？ 84# 老顽童thtsjy 铁塔建造成功 1889年3月31日星期日，铁塔主建筑完工，埃菲尔与一些世博会高官一起登上了塔顶，并发射了21发礼炮以示庆祝。埃菲尔升起法国三色国旗并骄傲的宣告“现在，世界上只有法国国旗能飘扬在300米的高空”。艾菲尔铁塔，这个曾被嘲笑为“悲剧式的蜡烛台”，“可怕的钢材堆”“巨大的工业烟囱”为法国1889年巴黎世博会带来激情和滚滚财源。艾菲尔与巴黎政府的铁塔合约在1889年5月起开始回报，根据合同条款，20年中，铁塔收益归艾菲尔所有，铁塔就象一个金矿，这个金矿给艾菲尔带来了极大的效益。当20年后，铁塔移交给巴黎市，艾菲尔和巴黎市政府并没有料到，铁塔的收益会不断延续，在一个世纪后，铁塔仍然游人如织。 86# 老顽童thtsjy 世博会时的铁塔 1889年5月6日，随着埃菲尔铁塔上一声炮响，世博会正式开放，会期每天早晨铁塔上的炮声和晚上铁塔的灯光不仅成为世博会的景观，更是成为巴黎都市浪漫生活的组成。由于采用了电灯照明技术，这也成为第一次晚上也开放的世博会。 1889年世博会期间，登塔成为参观的主要目的和时髦，共有2百万人在会期参观了铁塔。埃菲尔铁塔有三层：第一层为57.63米，设不同的餐厅；第二层115.73米，设不同的办公室，特别是费加罗报的办公室，负责为参观者办理登塔证书；第三层276.13米，是服务区、气象台，实验室（物理，气象，生物）和艾菲尔的办公室，一般不对游人开放。埃菲尔铁塔有一部电梯，每次可容纳100人，斜升到57米高一层，另外一部可载50人的垂直电梯，开到115米高。电梯每小时可供2400人用。参观人也可以通过1792级楼梯徒步登塔，到顶层鸟瞰巴黎全景。 1886年，本茨制成世界上第一辆三轮内燃机汽车。1889年，本茨亲自驾驶着汽车在展示，大受欢迎，也预示人类的汽车时代已经到来。 1889年11月6日，法国卡尔诺总统主持了的盛大的世博会闭幕仪式，世博会明星爱迪生用新近发明的留声机，以播放埃菲尔宣布闭幕的声音作为博览会闭幕节目。 88# 老顽童thtsjy 铁塔的精神 1923年埃菲尔去世时，他的铁塔仍是世界上最高的建筑物，这一记录一直保持到1930年纽约克莱斯勒大厦建成，它比埃菲尔铁塔仅高出几米。 100多年来，埃菲尔铁塔历经风雨，屹立在塞纳河边，并成为巴黎城市的组成部分。百岁铁塔并没有因时间推移而失去代表时尚的美名，它那高耸、浪漫的丰韵成为了法国的志。它凝聚着崇尚创新的法兰西民族精神，它张扬着近代科学文明的威力，它彰显着巴黎城市无穷的文化魅力。当然，人们也不会忘记伟大的世界博览会，正是这样的一个创造、创新的舞台造就不朽的埃菲尔先生和永远的埃菲尔铁塔。 90# 老顽童thtsjy 1893年美国芝加哥世博会而今我们日常生活中离不开的拉链是由美国工程师Whitcomb L Judson发明并在1893年芝加哥世博会上亮相。 ([]

精品无人区一线二线

刘千康

蜜月后时隔五年又一次去了海南三亚，这次是带着爸妈亲子游行程。吃海椰，品海鲜，享受海滩和阳光，已轻车熟路。三亚湾蓝雨公寓无敌海景三房二厅908元一晚有WIFI，周边有超市、水果店、餐馆、早餐店、车站、夜宵店、酒吧等，公寓对面就是椰梦长廊。福湾梅诺卡酒店豪华泳池双卧别墅1300一晚有WIFI（但是是坏的），度假村内有超市、水果店、餐馆、市区班车、海鲜排挡等，福湾梅诺卡酒店有私人沙滩，并时时有内循环电车接送。去程机票1238回程机票2720三亚湾蓝雨公寓*4天908一晚海棠湾别墅*2天1300一晚海南三亚好汉坡南田温泉*2人156呀诺达门票*2人376出海一日游*2人596亚龙湾环球城BBQ*2人316美高梅度假酒店下午茶*2人158 （周末）餐费20009座商务车租金350/天4天油费300元共计人均5100元梅诺卡度假酒店源于地中海西岸巴利阿里群岛(Balearic Islands)第二大岛梅诺卡岛(Minorca)，一座像月亮般的西班牙环海小岛，梅诺卡度假酒店远离嘈杂的三亚市区，对于爱清静的来说，这里就是片世外桃源，严格来说这里不是一般的酒店，是私人住宅区，西班牙特色别墅群，环境安静，相比星级酒店性价比超高，享受着星级酒店般的体验，但价格却十分优惠。梅诺卡度假酒店位于福湾，远离三亚市区，从三亚沿G98海南环线高速可以到达。目前并没有从凤凰机场可以到达的班车或公交。且由于梅诺卡度假酒店其实是商品房，大多出租的别墅或公寓都是委托物业代为管理的，所以预订梅诺卡度假酒店房间后，梅诺卡度假酒店并没有接机服务，需要游客自行到达，所以给一般不能自驾的游客带来不便。虽然交通不便对梅诺卡度假酒店人气有一定影响，但整个酒店服务与设施却完全不逊色于四五星酒店，首先是价格，在订房最贵的2月，预订一间带泳池的两房一厅独栋别墅，每晚报价1300元，度假村拥有优质的绿化，公共景观休闲区和独立沙滩。与五年前住过三亚悦榕庄相比，其环境设施不亚于三亚悦榕庄，但住宿价格却是悦榕庄的零头，其优惠的价格非常适合家庭旅行度假。梅诺卡度假酒店分为一期二期与三期，一期二期大多为独栋别墅，其中有少量公寓楼，这些别墅与公寓都是对外销售的全精装商品房，一期二期已全部销售完毕，新建三期建筑住宅区大多是高层公寓房，目前在期房销售中。这些精装商品房售出后，有些业主作为养老使用，有些则节假日前来度假，大多数时间都有物业托管租借使用。呵呵，以上介绍搞得和房屋销售一样。▲前台工作人员的服务态度都很礼貌，办理完入住手续后，由服务生，带我们入住并讲解注意事项及度假村的所有服务项目。在梅诺卡度假酒店中大部分别墅房型都是一模一样的西班牙建筑风格。▲别墅套房虽然占地面积不算大，但五脏俱全，大门入口处有个小厨房，如果入住的客人需要使用灶台，可以喝前台说，他们会提供相应数量的锅碗瓢盆，供客人自行烹饪食物。当然梅诺卡度假酒店周边没有大超市与菜场，自行烹饪的想法很好，但实现起来估计还得等上将来周边设施的发展。▲走过露天内院，然后是干净亮堂的客厅南北通风，西班牙内饰设计华丽美观，给予客人一种舒适并至如归的感觉，冰箱电视等应有竟有。▲屋外泳池不算很大，但足够一家人度假使用了，内置循环过滤系统，24小时工作。▲两室风格不一，各种高大上的度假享受。如果告诉你这里的精装房，每坪才10000至12000你相信嘛？▲飘窗浴缸，如果我不告诉你这里是私宅，你一定会以为这里是酒店。▲别墅的两个浴室一个是露天，一个是半露天的，当然在房子设计之初，相信设计师也不会想到，三亚的冬天也有20度以下的天气温度。所以呢，大冬天在室外洗澡，有点凉。还好热水比较给力，不然一定会感冒。▲夜幕下的房间照片。▲入住后唯一不足的是房间的WIFI服务似乎一直存在着链接问，总之无法链接，所以全程我们使用了华为喵王移动WIFI上网。▲度假村的的绿化面积很大，环境不逊色于专业的大型别墅度假酒店。整个区域内每10至15分钟有电瓶车接送，招手即停，一直到晚上十点，前往沙滩、步行街与餐馆都非常便捷。▲梅诺卡度假酒店公共泳池有好几个，园林设计精致美观。▲坐着晒晒太阳真的不想离开。▲在接近公共海滩的大泳池水面漂浮着一些漂浮物。可能由于我们去的时候是2月，是三亚最冷的季节，游泳的人并不算多，所以公共泳池不是非常干净。别墅的泳池相对干净不少。▲酒店的公共沙滩距离大多别墅区较远，一般选择电瓶车到达。坐着定时巡园的电瓶车吹吹风，来到私人海滩，沙滩上的人相当少，海边的躺椅随便坐。▲海滩砂质蛮细腻的，可以打打沙滩排球。([]

如如影视论理达达兔

曹依正

美国佛蒙特州440公里的"长小道"， The Long Trail, 是美国最老的长距离贯通徒步小道。它于1910年至1930年期间修筑完成。其南端起点为与麻萨诸塞州的州界，北部终点是与加拿大接壤的边境线。"长小道"穿越佛蒙特州境内的整个绿山山脉，Green Mountains的大部分顶峰。同时它又与美国东部地区的另一个3500公里的长距离小道，阿帕拉契亚小道， Appalachian Trail，在其南部公享170公里左右的线路。美国佛蒙特州";长小道";的英文简介。美国佛蒙特州"长小道"的位置图。"长小道"以地形复杂，险峻，困难而著称。佛蒙特州东部临近大西洋，西部紧接香槟湖，所以雨量很充沛，加上沿途的土质为细泥，遇水后，小道积水不散，十分泥泞，极易导致身体行走部位的疾病。退却的冰川在佛蒙特州留下了明显的痕迹，小道经常使用，在陡峭地区水土流失严重，遇水后，光滑裸露的石头给行走者带来非常不确定的安全保障系数。美国佛蒙特州"长小道"的小比例尺地形图。"长小道"， The Long Trail由佛蒙特州的GREEN MOUNTAIN Club的工作人员负责养护，维修，和提供各种便利的设施，象避难所，或简易木屋等。他们在有些地点向徒步露营者收取一定的费用，以补贴开销。小道依然用白色油漆的长方形记号，在树上，表示小道的方向。外加最多木质的文字指示牌，来提供给使用者简洁明了的信息。这种运作模式在很多美国当地的户外俱乐部都采纳，特别是沿由各州俱乐部分段负责的阿帕拉契亚小道， Appalachian Trail。"长小道"历史的英文简介。我在2009年做3500公里阿帕拉契亚小道， Appalachian Trail背包贯通时，完成了在其南端的170公里，在2010年又从加拿大边境向南走了约80公里。我今年从与阿帕拉契亚小道， Appalachian Trail分岔的地方重新开始，向北190公里，与去年停止的地方相接，从而完成了全长440公里的的"长小道"。限于时间与水平，我大部采用纪实性的描述，并按时间推移的顺序来完成这个记录。2009年8月21日当日起点 Wilbur Clearing Tent Site, MA, AT M. P. 1,579.4当日终点 Congdon Shelter, VT LT M.P. 10.0里程数 10.0 英哩 (16.1 公里)天气阴天到暴雨我今天的路程。红色的小屋，外加说明，为示意性的夜晚露营地点。我进到镇上的时间尚早，按预定计划补充食品，便沿2号公路往Williamstown的超市走去。我给自己买了四个甜面包圈，和一大杯咖啡，很快消灭完了。购物完毕后，我感到天气十分的闷热，沿着来时的公路返回小道。麻萨诸塞州与佛蒙特州的交界还在照片大山的后面，要有一阵子爬了。由于天热，上坡消耗了不少的体力。到了山顶我发现天开始飘下雨滴来，但没有任何立刻的威胁。麻萨诸塞州在"长小道"南端起点与州界交会处设置的牌。这里同时又与阿帕拉契亚小道， Appalachian Trail共用。佛蒙特州在"长小道"南端起点与州界交会处设置的牌。沿着它走440公里，就可以到加拿大的边境了，但最好不要越过，万一被美国边境巡逻发现，法律问就来了。我重新上路几个小时后遇到了一场雷暴雨，被迫穿着雨衣，坐在地上半个小时。在到达Congdon Shelter之前，我走过湖边，泥潭，沼泽地等，两脚全部湿透，给今后几天的行程带来了极大的痛苦。我走了好半天终于到了Congdon Shelter，一个老旧，黑暗的双层木屋。一个来自澳大利亚的阿帕拉契亚小道南行直通背包客已经在里面了。我们聊了好半天，并想法晾干潮湿的衣服，但作用不大。我刚睡下不久，也快要到晚上九点钟，两个年轻人，Tully和Jungli 姗姗来迟。我心里有点意见，但想来他们为年轻人，正在学习阶段，不要过分责备他们。由于我从麻萨诸塞过来一直在病中恢复，体力非常疲乏，人情绪很低落，加上天气不好，脚病严重，小道西周无风景，所以连续好多天，拍片的欲望几乎没有。 2009年8月22日当日起点 Congdon Shelter, VT LT M.P. 10.0当日终点Goddard Shelter, VT LT M.P. 24.4里程数 14.4 英哩 (23.2 公里)天气阴天到小雨我依旧想往常一样，早早起来，与那位来自澳大利亚的朋友互相道别，便走在茂密，潮湿，和泥泞的树林里。那两个年轻人还在睡觉，就象其他年轻人一样，起来的都较晚。但他们体力好，白天能做出长距离，而且傍晚结束得也迟，所以在行程上并不落后。佛蒙特州的"长小道"，处于一种特殊的地质构造上，地表有很丰厚的土壤覆盖，且多为细状，或腐质的泥土。由於小道长期使用，表面形成低洼的槽型，下雨后容易积水，而且非常不易排出。昨天的大雨使得小道非常的难走，我很多时候无法越过大一点的泥潭，必须要绕道行走。更可恶的是这小道经过好几个湿地，和湖泊。那里面的水积蓄太多，都溢满出来了。原来不错的，木板条铺设的小道全部被沉浸在好几英寸的水里，我不得不穿着鞋走过去，反正也已经湿透了。长时间的将脚浸泡在水里，使得皮肤变得软。鞋子和袜子受水后，体积变大，加上我仍穿着两层的袜子，一个缺智的决定。因为以上几个原因，我脚皮肤被磨破的机率大大地增加，而自己却没能及时地预见到。一路上几乎没有任何的观景点，一直都在茂密的林子里行走。经过一个大爬坡，我最终来到了Goddard Shelter，一个海拔高度3,540英尺的山坡上。这是我从美国南部地区过来露宿的最高的一座山峰，已经好几个月了。里面有许多往南行走的人，包括一些加拿大来的徒步者。我与他们聊了半天，并在那里吃了晚饭。。因感到今晚在棚里宿营太拥挤了些，我就在附近的林子了找了一片空地，搭起帐篷。一个父女的搭伴也来到此地，在林子里象我一样。我犯了大错误，将我的帐篷设置在一个小浅沟上，一厢情愿地晚上不要下雨，人太累又不去反复思考一下，但结果恰恰相反。第二天早上发现帐篷里面的脚一端全是积水，衣服，睡袋，睡垫全部潮了。幸亏我带的是化纤的睡袋，问还不太严重。当天的路程及宿营地点。 2009年8月23日当日起点 Goddard Shelter, VT LT M.P. 24.4当日终点 Story Spring Shelter, VT LT M.P. 33.3里程数 8.9 英哩 (14.3 公里)天气阴天到大雨爬上Glastenbury Mountain并不困难，但我脚上开始觉得很疼痛。山顶的一个旧的森林火灾了望塔已经没有观察员了。我去过不少有了望塔的山顶，只有一次遇见个了望员，并与他聊了一会儿，知道当代的无线电话通讯与卫星观测技术发展很快，靠人工来报警即慢又不准确，又费人工，所以大部分已经废除了。Glastenbury Mountain山顶的火灾了望塔。下Glastenbury Mountain给我一身中第一次这样的感觉，我是象走在一个完全绿色的世界里。树叶，树皮，地表，石头都被绿色所包围与覆盖。小道的表面高低不平，很粗糙，我要用脚掌来掌握好平衡。这样就造成前脚掌的应力过分集中，给已经感染的破损伤口，主要在脚趾之间和底下，带来了巨大的疼痛。我在临近中午十分，实在无法忍受，似乎意识到一个原因所在，将里面的一层袜子脱掉，好减轻一下挤压的感觉。此时天从阴天转为零星小雨，并逐渐加大。我穿上雨衣，在雨里走了一刻钟，到了Story Spring Shelter。我估计雨还要再下，不愿拖着带伤的脚，让其继续恶化，决定今天到此为止。我在棚子里见到了一个阿帕拉契亚小道北行贯通背包徒步者，Beam Man, 正在休整。他说他在康乃迪克州Salisbury的一家客栈里见过我。我当时正发烧严重，没有留意过往的客人。另外我昨晚见到那两个父女搭档，不久又出现了。我原本不知道他们为父女，有点岁数差，觉得有点奇怪，羡慕那男的有桃花运气，但经那男的一说才明白。他们是从Grafton, Maine来的。他跟我将说了在缅因州州徒步的经历和所花的时间，给了我一些思想准备。北边的记为我今天的营地。下面的是昨天的，因为我北行。下午又陆续来了些背包徒步者，一个阿帕拉契亚小道南行贯通背包徒步者今晚与我共用这个避难所。另外一帮哈佛大学的新生也来凑热闹，但觉得人多棚子里会太挤，就到附近露营去了。他们是参加一个新生辅导适应项目，用集体背包徒步的方式来完成，对我来说挺新鲜的，估计益处不少。下午一直在下大雨，到傍晚才停。我也睡了一个长的午觉。又是临近晚上九点时分，那两个阿帕拉契亚小道北行贯通背包徒步，青年男女搭档出现在棚子里，我此时已经睡了好久了。但一般不成文的规矩是，晚上九点钟后到了营地，就不应该去棚子打扰了，而是睡在外面。理论上讲他们遵守规则，但也太靠近时限，一般人在棚子里七，八点钟就入睡了。他们与我说话，吃饭，弄了我好半天没能睡着。我在麻萨诸塞州的一个营地第一次碰见Tully，那个男生，可能大学才毕业，人挺随和的。当时我被千军万马的蚊子说包围，痛苦不堪，自己在外搭起帐篷。他又因为食物不够第二天要早点下山。看来年轻人不愿被琐事烦恼，计划不周是他们的特点之一。但同时这也体现出他们无忧无虑，尽情放松的生活态度。反正他们有身体的资本和足够的勇气，出来玩，何必象我操那么多心呢? 2009年8月24日当日起点 Story Spring Shelter, VT LT M.P. 33.3当日终点 Spruce Peak Shelter, VT LT M.P. 51.6里程数 18.3 英哩 (29.4 公里)天气阴天到多云今天一开始的几个小时都是在相对较低的地方行走。可以想象那泥泞的小道给我带来的麻烦。四周的景色依然没有，只有无边无际的绿色树林。我穿过几个乡间公路，也见过一些人家，觉得倒是退休后隐居的好去处。爬Stratton Mountain需要不少的时间，上山的路上遇见一个女性阿帕拉契亚小道南行贯通背包徒步者，聊了好一会儿，我们互祝走运。对她来讲还有更多的路程要走。北边的记为我今天的营地。今天我的脚情况更糟糕，不但很疼痛，而且还发出难闻的怪味。可能受潮后的鞋子与发炎的肌肤共同造成的。我经常要把脚趾向内卷起，避免接触到鞋底，以减轻疼痛。我行走得速度相当得缓慢。我昨天已经开始服用内服抗菌素，阿莫西林，以帮助减轻炎症。越往上走，越能看到高山地带的植被，整个小道的面貌也发生变化。我在山顶与见到一个女性木屋看护员。她扮演小道历史的讲解员，和环境提倡者的角色。我又遇见那两个父女搭档。我歇了一会儿，吃了点东西，因上面温度低，就赶紧下山了。Stratton Mountain的铭牌。其海拔高度3,936英尺(1,200米)。左边便是个旧的火灾了望塔。Stratton Mountain山顶的解说牌，象历史，注意事项，地图等。我在山顶的小歇处。Stratton Mountain山顶的小木屋。住着Green Mountain Club的专职看护员，主要是向大众讲解"长小道"的历史，平时的作业，注意事项，和积极推广环保的观念等。下到Stratton Mountain山下，在湖边遇到又一个父女搭档的背包客。这次他们是从新墨西哥州来的。因家庭闹纠纷，那男的还随身携带许多家庭里的私人文件，准备在法庭上使用。他的小女儿爱画画，他就不停地拿给我看。可我却急得赶路呢! 我在山顶见到的来自缅因州的那对父女搭档正在对面的湖边营地晾晒潮湿的装备，而我因脚疼，走得慢，不想丧失时间。我在下一个避难所附近给一个在Manchester Center的私人客栈的主人打了个电话，预定了一间房间，好明天住进。奇怪，在山里居然还有手机信号!下午的大半行程相对容易，但我脚却疼得麻木了。来到距通往Manchester Center的公路不远的Spruce Peak Shelter，里面有个来自波士顿的徒步老者。知道我的脚伤后给了我一些水泡帖片。但我又还给他，我的情况更严重，不是水泡问，而是感染发炎。我感到自己得头上有点发热，估计是发炎引起的低烧。那对来自缅因州州的父女搭档又来到此地，依照他们的传统，在附近的林子里搭营。我们三次见面，似乎已经成为好朋友了。他们告诉我他们的食品储备多，明天继续往前赶路。而我明天却要到城市里去。我们在傍晚时相互问候道别。我谢谢他们给我提供的缅因州州徒步信息，因为那里有一段很艰难。2009年8月25日当日起点 Spruce Peak Shelter, VT LT M.P. 51.6当日终点 Rt. 11/30, to Manchester Center, VT LT M.P. 54.4里程数 2.8 英哩 (4.5 公里)天气多云到晴昨晚避难所里又来了一批年轻人，睡觉时倒挺安静的。我早早离开，想尽早地进城，好好地休整一下。花了一个多小时，我就来到佛蒙特州Rt. 11/30公路。没有十分钟，一位驾着斯巴鲁的乡绅便把车子挺到路边。他一会儿对我说他的儿子在外徒步，也希望能搭乘到别人的车。我住在Manchester Center的Sutton Place。这家客栈为私人的住宅，上面二楼的几间卧室全部改装为客房。我选了一间最小的，也是最便宜的。但绝对值上却相当的贵，因为这个州是个旅游业的州。这个城市为典型消费型的，有众多名牌产品促销店，而在冬季又是滑雪的好去处。我今天的路程。左边为Manchester Center。Sutton Place前的一条街。主街商业街的一部分。主街商业街的一部分。主街商业街的一部分。主街商业街的一部分。主街商业街的一部分。主街商业街的一部分。名牌产品销售区。名牌产品销售区。左边街对面为洗衣房。右边是名牌产品销售区。左边为洗衣房。我在洗衣的时候，洗衣房旁边一个甜面包圈店。我在里面简单吃了早点，问掌柜的哪里有好的餐馆。那人告诉我不远处的这家餐馆。我点了一份牛排，吃的时候发现，做的太老了，底下都烤焦了，很失望，但还是给了那服务员，一位退休妇女小费。从第一家餐馆出来。当地的商业中心。我在右边那家超市，Price Chopper里买了食品，我事先知道可以问其经理能否享受与当地持会员卡人同样的折价，有点出乎我的意外，他们很爽快地同意了。这个城市里有几个户外用品商店。一家大的就在画面右边， Eastern Mountain Sports.我的头像，十分的疲惫，和被脚病所困扰。食品超市。一家中国餐馆。我在一个多小时内又吃了一顿午饭。附近的一座高山。想爬山的人，住在这地方不错，四周都有高山。买完食品，往回走去。今天晚上我来到此家餐馆，叫了份牛排与大西洋龙虾，那里的色拉菜为尽管吃。味道比中午吃的牛排要好多了。服务生小姐又热情漂亮，钱多花一点也挺值的。但这个量对我来说根本不够。商业街旁的景色。商业街旁的景色。商业街上貌似住宅，但却为名牌商店。注意基督教堂前立柱上的中文。2009年8月26日当日起点 Rt. 11/30, to Manchester Center, VT LT M.P. 54.4当日终点 Baker Peak, VT LT M.P. 66.8 (+-)里程数 12.4 英哩 (20.0 公里)天气多云到小雨，转晴我想早点回到小道上去，放弃了在街头等搭免费车的概念。所以我昨天回来客栈后便于当地的一个出租车联系好，今早送我回小道。那个司机是个意大利移民，娶了泰国的女人，最后明白着向我要小费。通常我是给一点。但只有他以为背包徒步者都是下层人物，年轻人，不懂规矩，先明讲。我感觉到金钱味，很粗俗。个人旅途时间充裕的话，还是搭车的好，至少能帮助省点钱。今天我所走的路线。一进入小道不久就遇到前天晚上在Spruce Peak Shelter里碰见的来自波士顿的老者，看样子太累了，打算回家。Bromley Mt.是个滑雪场地。昨天还是个大晴天，可现正乌云密布，似乎又要下雨了。山顶附近的雪道。山顶上的缆车终点。山顶处为滑雪者提供的避难处。我在那儿避风处，小歇了一会。山顶附近的雪道。山顶附近的雪道。我肯定这地方为私人拥有。Green Mountain Club与私人地皮拥有者达成协议，让徒步者无偿通行使用。快要走下山顶。注意那石柱上的识，阿帕拉契亚小道，向北。此处"长小道"依然与阿帕拉契亚小道共用一条线路。从Bromley Mt.下来前，前方天空的乌云。可能又是一个下雨天。下午两，三点钟的时候，天开始下起雨来了。我的脚昨天得到一个喘气的机会，加上我买了外用粉状消炎药，有好转的趋势，因此不想因受潮，再次将病情恶化。因离下一个避难所还远，我就开始琢磨在林子里找一片稍微平整的地方搭营露宿。二十多分钟后，终于找到了一个。没办法，山上地势崎岖，那地方距小道只有五，六米远。我才进帐篷，雨就下大了，侥幸逃过弄湿脚的厄运。我睡了个午觉，醒来没多久，听到外面的脚步声，便问谁在那里。那人回答我说他是Tully，一个我已经碰到过好几次的阿帕拉契亚小道北行贯通背包客。我撩开帐篷，与他简短地讲了我的情况。他祝我病情早日恢复，并以后在另一个网络，他的日志里专门提到这个情节。天到傍晚的时候，天开始变得晴朗了。我的心稍微得到了些安慰。今天相对有更多的时间恢复，脚的病情肯定会好转，明天我就可以做更长距离。2009年8月27日当日起点 Baker Peak, VT LT M.P. 66.8 (+-)当日终点 Clarendon Shelter, VT LT M.P. 87.8里程数 21.0 英哩 (33.8 公里)天气晴我今天脚上的感觉要比前几天好多了，用药和休息都促进了它们的康复。而我在体力上又借此恢复了不少。天气晴朗，小道上的积水消失得更快。我一路"飞奔"，想把前几天失去的时间给找回来。我今天的路程。我一大早从林中的营地起来，便来到Baker Peak。从上面可以看到山谷里的公路。实际上我昨天下午至晚上都能听见车辆的马达声。可惜，我拍的照片都曝光不足，对面山谷无法重现。途中的一条小溪。我想这是叫Big Branch溪。过Big Branch溪时的一座悬索桥，及小道指示牌。Little Rock Pond的景色。湖边高低不平的路面又一次地提醒了我的脚伤。Little Rock Pond Tenting Area看护员的营地。他们被Green Mountain Club所雇佣，照理这里的露营事宜。因为这里的使用率高，背包徒步者想搭帐篷的话，一定要到规定的平台去，而且要向看护人员缴费，大概吧!Little Rock Pond的另一端。White Rocks Cliff的乱石艺术造型，都是背包徒步者的杰作。White Rocks Cliff的乱石艺术造型，都是背包徒步者的杰作。White Rocks Cliff的乱石艺术造型，都是背包徒步者的杰作。在此，我碰见一个阿帕拉契亚小道南行贯通背包客。大家寒喧了几句，互祝走运。White Rocks Cliff的乱石艺术造型，都是背包徒步者的杰作。White Rocks Cliff的乱石艺术造型，都是背包徒步者的杰作。昨天晚上露营地对面山谷向北的延伸。下面山谷里的机场是Rutland Southern Vermont Regional Airport。 Clarendon Gorge，Clarendon峡谷的下游。它只是一个小峡谷。Clarendon峡谷的上游。我站在Clarendon峡谷的悬索桥上。美国有些大众娱乐的场所，基础设施惊人的好。佛蒙特州Rt. 103公路旁的一片草地。可见阿帕拉契亚小道的木质记，"A"字底下加个尾巴。这里要爬个相当陡峭的乱石堆。在这个时节，因气温高，我爬得慢，还被蚊子咬了不少口。Clarendon Shelter离这里已经不远了，一个小时不到的路程。我才到那避难所，就看见分别几天的阿帕拉契亚小道北行背包徒步者，Beam Man，和另两个人从旁走来。他们比我要快两天，正利用当地客栈的车辆，送他们作轻装徒步呢! 我安顿得比较早，在吃过完饭后不久，那个昨天傍晚在路边见到的Tully也来到了这个避难所。只不过他想休息一下，吃点东西，看好地图，然后继续上路。他可能在寻找一个非"官方"的捷径，因为这里人类开发的早，到处都有小径或道路。今晚我感到气温在下降，季节到了。2009年8月28日当日起点 Clarendon Shelter, VT LT M.P. 87.8当日终点 Rt. 4, to Rutland, VT LT M.P. 104.2里程数 16.4 英哩 (26.4 公里)天气阴我上路后没多久就发现，小道的地理与我资料书上的不一样，而且沿途好长一段没有路。所以我心里一直嘀咕，此时每分体力都十分宝贵，就怕爬得冤枉。到了山顶后才发现那白色的记，于是松了一口大气。我下山后就碰到这个走失在护栏外的小母牛。因为小道非常泥泞，我不远睬到泥里，再弄湿脚，但又顾虑从其旁边走过会惊吓她，而把我给弄翻在地上。于是就想方设法与那母牛沟通，让她腾出个地方，和干脆走开。我不断地发出声音。起先她有点紧张，但很快地就明白了我的意思，知道我只想从旁的石头上经过，就朝着我的方向小跑过来，到我的身后去了。我大喜，感激她没有把我给弄倒在泥泞不堪的地上。([]

yy6029新视觉影院青苹果影院

葛建宏

此行之初，只是想骑行新藏线。并不曾对“自驾”和“大北线”做功课。后来旅途中有变，大北线便成了这次旅行中精彩的一段。这次行程，大概可分三个阶段： 1、结伴骑行新藏线（喀什--康西瓦）。 2、千里走单骑（有骑行的日子，也有搭车的日子，红柳滩--塔钦） 3、自驾大北线。对新藏线的心动，来自以下描述：新藏线起点为新疆叶城，终点为西藏拉孜的国道，全程2140千米。路况介绍：它是世界上最艰险的公路之一。它穿越举世闻名的昆仑山、喀喇昆仑山、岗底斯山、喜马拉雅山，翻越１６个冰大坂，涉４４条冰河，全线经过的大部份地段为“无人区”。平均海拔4500米以上,是世界上海拔最高、道路最险、路况极差和环境最恶劣的高原公路。这就是新藏公路，也被称作国道２１９线。关于新藏线的顺口溜：　“行车新藏线，不亚蜀道难。库地大坂险，犹似鬼门关；麻扎大坂尖，陡升五千三；黑卡大坂旋，九十九道湾；界山大坂弯，伸手可摸天……”这段顺口溜，这是新藏线艰险的真实写照。从叶城往阿里海拔相差很大，一天之内可以从海拔数百米的新疆地段上升到五千余米的麻扎大坂路段，对几乎所有旅行者的身体素质而言是极大的考验和困难，高寒缺氧、雪崩塌方、高山反应、多变的气候及确确实实的风餐露宿等困难，已经超过了许多常人的承受极限. 后来在‘狼塔夏特群’里，正好听到南京的好人锅讲到要骑行此线，心念一动，便加入了。于是有了2011年4月下旬出发的这次旅行。装备篇资深的网上很多，不多说，略晒下自己的行前准备，留个念想吧。---我的战马：衣物：（长袖速干衣裤、冲锋衣裤、抓绒衣裤、羽绒服、溯溪鞋、高帮登山鞋等）睡袋、帐篷、防潮垫、驮包、弹力绳：修车工俱、备胎（内胎3条，外胎一条）及配件、炉俱等边防证、身份证、手套、雪套、护膝、雨衣等药品：（后来又添了速效救心丸、氨茶碱、速尿片等。高原长途旅行，这几种药很有用。）折腾了大半天来整理行囊，书房被搞的满地狼籍，难以下脚。一半装备都整理进驮包了，忽然想起应该给它们合张影。懒得再掏出驮包里的装备，就这样来一张装备们的全家福吧：全部打完包，去铁通托运车子，整装待发…… 2011年4月25日晚，背起行囊出发了，又是一个人。驾车到火车站，再火车、飞机，一路辗转，路上小磕绊不断：火车晚点急得我跳脚，甩钱雇车飞奔、跳下车我也狂奔才赶上飞机。飞机上不幸又遭临座的维族小朋友骚扰，还没断奶的两岁小男孩不断地把我的上衣撩起，又或者直接把领口拉到肩膀下…… 维族小男孩的妈妈笑观不语，本人尴尬之极，又不忍责备小孩，后来空姐看不下去把我领走和乘务人员们同坐。再转机，行李被人拿错，折腾半天。一个人行走，自由+乱糟糟，无语。终于26日下午16时许到乌鲁木奇，与南京的好人锅、戊名汇合；趁转机喀什的空闲，三人打的（机场大巴每人20元，打的划算共花费36元）直奔乌市，找了戊名要吃的大盘鸡、卡瓦斯美餐一顿再转回机场；终于在晚上0时前到了如家酒店，与青蛙汇合。此次骑行的四个队员全部见面了，于我，是初次见到他们三个南京哥。 4月27日，大家先去喀什火车站提车：左起：戊名、青蛙、我、好人锅。 4个人骑着各自的战马，浩浩荡荡去采买物资。不想路上竟被一维族男子盯梢，联系近段喀什刚发生的几起血腥事件和敏感冲突，大家一时都有些紧张。山羊户外店的老板更是让我们直接报警（一路采买几经比较，喀什的几个户外店，山羊户外货全价廉）。几个人一合计，冒然报警无凭无据有些唐突，遂决定我和戊名一小组，先行冲出；好人锅和青蛙断后，负责掩护。于是紧张行动，嘿呀，一路急冲，结果回宾馆的路上两组人马绕岔了道，我和戊名在宾馆附近怎么也等不见好人锅和青蛙，担心老半天。好在有惊无险，都平安回到酒店。于是晚上也不敢出去乱溜达了，乖乖在房间睡觉。反偷拍：一路跟踪我们的少年：采买物资途中，青蛙剃度了：（此后青蛙哥的习惯动作就是摸光头！而好人锅则是有空就手机上网直线转播他的新藏线呵）好人锅和戊名来之前就理成了短短的寸头，加上青蛙这个大光头，三个人互相炫耀着，害的我真想也剃个光头上路！羡慕嫉妒，只能将自己的一头长发剪成短马尾扎起来了事。回到酒店，我们开始整理驮包和车，看着满地的物件，四人都感头大---竟然如此之多！三个男士照顾我，让我独自去一个房间整理，他们仨绊绊搭搭挤在一处整理。我的物资来之前基本准备完善，采购极少，如何装备也大多是出发前就各有其位的，所以很快结束战斗。跑过去看他们三个，呵呵，热闹啊，房间简直象个大仓库了！堆的满地东西几乎无从下脚。于是帮着打个下手，待得快整好了才想起，拍照留念！戊名：心灵手巧，为人厚道，说话不多但总是为大家做的多。正在用他换下来的旧外胎帮我做挡泥板，DIY的比买来的实用多了！好人锅（右）：勇敢乐观，有毅力、有智谋。我们此行的路书都是他辛苦整理，备用药品的方子也是他给的，多谢！！这家伙不想整那一大堆东西，不时嘻哈着两边房间视查，看大家都整的差不多了，才不得已地把自己那份也整了。采买的无人区备用20斤大米，大部分都被他塞进驮包了，连保温壶都塞满了！青蛙：曾经是8年野战军的老兵，很有战斗力，体力好心态好 dao嘴豆腐心，有时象英勇的战士有时却象个稚气未脱的孩子。大家的20个气罐，被他大包大揽地绑在车后，后来绑完看着那高耸的李行，我们三个无言…… 能干的青蛙在搓绳子，以应付那过于庞大的行李堆（青蛙面前，戊名的驮包已装整齐了，蛙哥的行李却还一大堆在窗根等绳子捆）：我只能自保，负担了自己的所有物资后加负了三个气罐。其它公用物资他们三个男士全包了。无言以谢。背后那片建筑，是喀什的老城区：喀什的公交车让我们大开眼界---- 竟然会按一个个详细地点送客到家！（没事闲逛还好，有事公交坐不得，太费时间）。所以我们三个从机场晃到酒店用时颇久，青蛙在酒店等我们等得都睡着了。 D1：4月28日，晴，喀什--英吉沙，全程柏油，骑行73km。 2011年4月28日，我们开始骑行的日子。原计划从叶城G219 零公里处开始骑，后来大家整理完，看着那大大的行李包，一致决定从喀什开始骑。不论是队员之间、还是车、行李都需要磨合。今天的骑行并不多，从喀什到英吉沙，70km的路（码表实际显示73km）。所以大家慢悠悠吃完早饭，又把昨天打包精减出来的行李到邮局寄走，11点半，才开骑。喀什的如家酒店门外，四匹战马一溜排开，整装待发：一路行来，照片繁多，除自己拍的，还有青蛙、好人锅、以及后来邂逅的袁鹏、五位自驾兄长等人所拍，恕不一一注，谢了！戊名秀一个：好人锅也来秀一下：青蛙那一刻的片片竟然找不到，汗。上315国道：向英吉沙进军：在路上，我们将生命绽放：中午，新彊戈壁的地表温度有35--37度，很热。来这里前一周刚做过一个小手术（没跟队友们讲怕他们担心），有个把月没碰过车了，骑的有点累。晒的很厉害，发现之前怕太热而备用的网眼手套抗不住晒，手背都被晒得又疼又红了，青蛙把他的备用白线手套让我换上。骑啊骑，又热又渴又累，突然发现一处小卖店，竟然还有绿色的树几棵，四人狂奔过去，乘凉、补水：回复军行天下的帖子啊？？我这里看到的图片，挺小。第一次发贴，很多不太会操作，谅！我试试改午饭在一小镇吃，青菜拉条子，份足味美价廉，可惜四人只顾说笑闹腾，忘了拍照。烤羊肉串：卖相好，味道也不错。不过肉不是我的强项，一串便足矣。后来每人一个的羊肉包子，也贡献给了好人锅。看到传说中的缸子肉（当时酷热，没食欲，更不知那就是大名鼎鼎的“缸子肉”。后来自驾大北线，与几位兄弟在阿里吃到，才知道。其貌不扬，但甚是美味！）：摆一张吧，骑了大半天了，挺累挺闷的。可怜好人锅，总是在为我们拍照，这一路摄影他最辛苦：傍晚，英吉沙到了：我们住了天府宾馆。本想宿县委宾馆，但有山东援藏的一大帮人包住，满了。晚饭男生们一致提议不吃拉条子了，要吃川菜。呵呵这还没几天呢，就受不了啦。我倒无所谓，食物对我来说，挑剔极少。这天晚上，听了青蛙的故事。很意外…… 今日亮点：出发前，好人锅因为我不肯听他的话好好吃药，大为光火。可是象锅那样没病也大把的吃药，让我和青蛙大为惊讶！什么“十全大补丸、六味地黄丸、板蓝根、21金维它……” 适当维生素补充还能接受，其它的药，对我这个平时极少用药的人，真是吃不下。为此锅很不高兴，拉着脸半天不搭理我。后来又训我“看你脸色腊黄的，一看就知道气血不足、营养不良！还不好好吃药，哼！”我哭笑不得，这只可恼又可爱的锅。他的口头禅就是：“没事就吃药哎”。戊名是好人锅的忠实听众，跟着大把吃药。青蛙则我行我素，几乎不吃药。骑行新藏线，需要如此药补？？？不过，好人锅昨天晚上训我，让我出发前把他列出的药品清单补全，倒是真训对了。有两味药，后来还真救了我的急。骑行新藏线，药品是应该备齐全点。 D2：4月29日，英吉沙--莎车，晴转大沙尘暴，戊名码表计算里程133公里，总耗时约12小时.骑行第二天，状态很差的一天。今天的目的地是莎车，计划行程130km（实际码表显示近133km）。大家早早起床，洗漱早饭后准备出发，但戊名找不到宝贝香烟，要开拔了好人锅又死活找不见墨镜。折腾到9点也没找见，我们只得载着大驮包跟着好人锅满大街转想找个卖眼镜的店另买一副，可惜都没开门营业。他备用的那副又在驮包里面层层围困不好拿出。这个天府宾馆真是有问哦。眼看日已高升，今天路程还不少，惦着早出发早歇脚，于是停车从驮包里翻腾出自己的备用墨镜给锅，催他快出发。四人依次排开，列队而行。我和戊名骑行在前，后来骑着骑着，拐个弯发现后面那俩人不见了！与戊名下车等，久候方至，原来好人锅看到了英吉莎的小 dao铺子，与青蛙挑选刀去了。当然也帮我和戊名各挑了一把。话说这英吉沙县位于新疆塔里木盆地西部边缘,是著名的“中国小 dao之乡”也是“中国色买提杏之乡”、“中国达瓦孜之乡”。新疆有四大名刀，即英吉沙工艺小刀、伊犁沙木萨克折dao、焉耆陈正套刀和莎车买买提折dao。英雄爱宝刀，既然他俩是寻刀而去，回来还不忘我和戊名的份，嘿嘿，等就等了，这种等待可以有哈！等久点也没关系。反正出来是旅行，不是单纯为了傻骑车，这种民族特色的东西，早该好好品味一番，若不是时间限制，团队限制，估计我早跑去刀铺晃荡了…… 美滋滋地收好青蛙给的精美小 dao，这回我不傻往前冲了，省得有好玩的又落下，咱压阵！不紧不慢骑在队伍后面，和青蛙天南海北乱侃着，青蛙同学得了好刀也一路心花怒放的，不时还来点音乐，乐声下仍不忘刀长刀短的。不知不觉骑出老远闲等两位寻宝刀的英雄时，给自己的坐骑留一张：此时它尚容光焕发，往后长路漫漫不知它会沧桑成何等模样啊途经小店补水，此时四人尚衣帽光鲜、容光焕发，不久便一个个灰头土脸无一幸免了。难得的一张全体合影：（看此时那特意选的宽松速干裤在腿上直打晃荡，哪里想到半个月后竟然浮种到腿塞不进裤子，唉，失算呀！满以为骑新藏线会越骑越瘦身材更苗条，哪承想还有肥肿的象个非洲阿巴桑那一出！哈哈，好笑）民族团结，与维族朋友合张：继续前行，到中午3点那阵（相当于北京时间1点左右，有2小时的时差）又困又累，越骑越觉得腿软，膝盖越来越痛，看好人锅、戊名早已护膝上腿，顾不得热捂，赶紧也把两副厚厚的护膝带上。路那么漫长无尽头、太阳那么晒、PP磨得好痛怎么骑都难受…… 青蛙本来是个骑行高手，让他这样慢悠悠地晒在大太阳下陪我，陪得他简直崩溃。于是换戊名来跟在我身后收尾，肯定跟的也很难受。虽然他俩都没说，但感觉到那种收队的痛苦，奈何俺那阵子就是蹬不动车，速度怎么也提不上来，还老想打盹瞌睡。熬啊熬，总算到了克孜勒库尔干乡，吃午饭，借机缓一缓。发现维族人其实很爱干净，小小乡间餐厅卫生也蛮不错。羊肉揪面片：（饭菜的片片，多出自好人锅和青蛙之手，俺是极少拍滴，只顾吃了嘿嘿）饭后再往前骑不久，天色渐变，阳光没了，天空灰起来：天更灰蒙，风大、沙重了，沙尘暴渐露狰狞：大沙尘暴来了！风越来越大，沙土满天飞，天空已成灰黄色，能见度不足百米，车辆都开着警示灯或大灯通行。青蛙看时间也不早了，行军速度太慢照此下去天黑前到不了目的地，于是发狠话：“20公里休息一次！不能再象前段那样每小时休息一次了。”言毕青蛙窜出去追好人锅和戊名去了，三个男生狂飙而去很快不见踪影，把我扔在后面也不管了（其实现在想来，是该这么扔一下，否则我还是不长进），之前跟我说的什么二人小组不抛弃不放弃也不执行了，任我独自在漫漫黄沙天昏地暗中苦苦挣扎。从未带着大驮包骑行过的我，感觉那大大的驮包太重了，简直象个大称砣一样拖在身后！行李象背山越载越重，车蹬的几乎耗尽腿上所有力气，狂风刮得我脑子里呼呼轰鸣，四周一片迷茫不见天日。我拼力蹬啊蹬啊……身体很累，脑瓜却不停地东想西想胡思乱想，思想这东西有时候真是害人。等熬到到100公里4人汇合休息时，风沙略减，但大家还是不敢摘掉面巾，一张嘴说话嘴里就跑进沙子磕着牙，满鼻子的沙土味。籍着帽子面巾遮掩，不觉间泪湿蒙面围巾。一直低着头不出声，以为籍着帽沿蒙面围巾遮掩没人知道自己哭了，却还是被锅发现了。他坐来旁边，碰碰我的脚，平时一直吊儿浪当、冷嘲热讽的腔调突然变的很和气了：“姑娘，累了吧？围巾都湿了？？没关系，慢慢骑，别心急……”心里一热，赶紧掩饰地笑笑，朗声答：“没事！放心吧。风沙太大迷眼了。”再望望四周，依旧漫天狂风大沙、昏天黑地，自己一个人孤零零漂在千里之外，与初识的三个陌生人累死累活行走在这异域边彊，累了痛了难过了都无从说，只能忍忍忍！想着突然悲从中来，不出声可眼泪刷刷流的更厉害，嘴唇快咬破了也止不住。车子加上大驮包还是抵不住大风，被吹翻在地，也顾不上管，只是低着头流泪。三个男生被吓住了，不敢多说。青蛙过来跟我说话，我小心眼地恼着他，也不搭理。他只好默默地帮我扶起车子放好，坐在一边，不时扭头看过来车子被大风吹倒了俺也不去管，只顾翘着二郞腿掉豆豆，青蛙去扶起俺可怜的战马：（当时不知坏心肝的锅竟然在偷拍此景，臭小子）哭了一阵，感觉轻松多啦，大家也准备继续前行，还有40km路要赶，此时天已快黑。起身推起车子翻身骑上就往前冲，这一停一哭，倒把力气哭出来了。可能不适应期也过了，蹬的飞快，一路竟然3*6甚至3*7狂冲，把三个男生远远甩在后面。青蛙气喘喘地赶上来，跟我说话我还是不想出声，又很快超过自行远去，一个人在千里之外的大风沙中想东想西，边骑边哭……现在回想，惭愧又好笑，但当时却怎么也转不过弯来。于是这剩下的40km，就在我的狂蹬中顺利结束---莎车到了！晚上21点许，比预计的提前了一个多小时。事实证明，当时青蛙的决策是完全正确的。否则我们还不知要在黑夜中的沙尘暴里苦累到什么时候才能歇下，更甚者那种天气夜晚行车危险因素多多。事实还证明，人都是有潜力的，需要适当激发。熬过那100公里，后面的40公里俺竟然载着大驮包骑的飞快ye！呵呵莎车到了：（坐会吧，骑累了也哭累了）这天，对每个队员都是一个适应吧，载重、大沙尘暴，一个个象土人似的折腾了一整天。入住好人锅早打听好的德隆大酒店，条件很是不错，惜无电梯，一楼亦无房，只好把车连驮包一起扛上二楼去---青蛙是主力军。事后青蛙哥讲：骑车没骑累，那几趟扛车可是真累趴了！呵呵大伙一致提议出去喝一杯，犒劳一下大沙尘暴。今天骑行约8小时，从出发到入住总耗时12小时。今日亮点：1、大驮包+大戈壁+大沙尘暴，别样味道、别样体验。 2、漫天狂风沙中，边哭边骑，回想真好笑。自己的摊子还是自己收吧。自那一哭后，开始发飙，结伴同骑的13天每骑必在前，不再落后拖大家。回复心灵孤旅的帖子曾与好人锅同行半个月，后来的流浪日子，便是自己独行乱闯了，见笑到莎车已是暮色深沉，人困马乏并未夜游，第二天一早又急着赶路，也未能将她的芳容细赏，留下遗憾，给下次再去一个借口吧。莎车县居住着莎车古国先民的后裔，他们注定与音符有关，与木卡姆结缘。因为有河的存在；也因为有沉默巍峨的喀喇昆仑山，河、山、平原、峡谷这些刚烈的灵魂与柔弱的水交织在一起，就有了木卡姆与阿曼尼沙汗怀抱的那把都塔尔。在莎车有名的十二木卡姆广场，矗立着这位酷爱音乐、拯救木卡姆命运的传奇女子阿曼尼沙汗的雕像，它已经成为一种象征，也是莎车县的地性建筑。莎车在年轮奏响的序曲里，拖拽着叶尔羌汗国的灵动音符，哪怕在莎车缓慢地踱一会步，隐约而又清晰的“十二木卡姆”曲调随时都会传入耳膜。　　深夜，窗外依旧有音符飞扬着，使人们有恍若隔世的感觉。　　洗去沙尘躺在床上，我早忘了白天的苦痛，又沉浸在对明天旅程的期盼中。一如诗人纳瓦依所作：“芳容乍睹，就使我一见倾心；做你情人，无疑灾难缠身。多少次我决心对你断绝痴念，可日复一日对你更为痴心（节选自十二木卡姆第二套．小赛勒克）。 ”是呵，对于旅行，我又何尝不是一见倾心，爱到极深；虽然时有苦痛缠身，却，日复一日，对它更加痴心……　　　　 D3：4月30日，莎车--叶城，晴，沙尘暴转小有风，今天实际骑行戊名码表计骑行74公里从莎车到叶城的骑行，相比昨天轻松多了。四个人睡到自然醒，起来看天，沙尘暴转小，也没什么大逆风，由莎车县至泽普县再至叶城县仅约70公里，全程柏油，海拔较平无大幅上升下降，大家心里都很轻松。磨蹭到上午近10点才吃好早餐，好人锅宣布再睡个回笼觉！我和青蛙睡不着便开始整行李，鉴于我昨天的表现，青蛙不声不响拿走了我缚在驮包外的帐篷和3个气罐，至此，20个备用气罐全在青蛙的车上载着。没过几天翻达坂的时候，青蛙又把我的备用外胎绑在了他的高高的一堆行李上。帐篷和外胎这一绑，就帮我载到了阿里！四个人里，经常和我吵架拌嘴甚至翻脸的是青蛙，但帮我最多的，也是青蛙。四人不紧不慢一番磨蹭直至12点半光景才出发。自昨日那一场大风沙，那一哭后，俺气力大发，一路3·7档位甚至3·8档位骑过来，很少变换其它档位，真有‘风飞扬’之势哈，害的戊名他们狂追不及，又不放心我一人跑在前，冲我叫停了好几次！（当然俺也知道长途骑行这种骑法不可取，偶尔为之吧）先经泽普县，再到叶城：初时尚有小风沙迷漫：后来便晴空万里了：泽普到了：([]

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